Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 3/2020

01-06-2020 | Review Paper

Healthcare Policies for Stateless Populations in ASEAN Countries: A Scoping Review

Authors: Proloy Barua, Mukdarut Bangpan, Kanida Narattharaksa, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

Published in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Issue 3/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

This study aimed at summarizing the existing health policies for stateless populations living in the 10 ASEAN countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. We followed scoping review method recommended by Arksey and O’Malley. Our inclusion criteria were based on three concepts: populations (stateless and undocumented people), issues (healthcare policies and regulations), and settings (10 ASEAN countries). Our findings suggest that none of the ASEAN countries have explicit healthcare policies for stateless people except Thailand. We also observed that ratification of international human rights treaties relating to the right to health does not necessarily translate into the provision of healthcare policies for stateless population. Although Thailand seems like the only country among 10 ASIAN countries having health policies for stateless populations in the country, the question remains whether having a policy would lead to a proper implementation by ensuring right to health.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Massey H. Legal and Protection Policy Research Series: UNHCR and De Facto Statelessness. Geneva: Division of International Protection, UNHCR; 2010. Massey H. Legal and Protection Policy Research Series: UNHCR and De Facto Statelessness. Geneva: Division of International Protection, UNHCR; 2010.
2.
go back to reference Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion. The World’s stateless. The Netherlands: Wolf Legal Publishers (WLP); 2014. Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion. The World’s stateless. The Netherlands: Wolf Legal Publishers (WLP); 2014.
3.
go back to reference UNHCR. This is our home: stateless minorities and their search for citizenship. Division of International Protection, UNHCR; 2017. UNHCR. This is our home: stateless minorities and their search for citizenship. Division of International Protection, UNHCR; 2017.
4.
go back to reference Mann JM, Gostin L, Gruskin S, Brennan T, Lazzarini Z, Fineberg HV. Health and human rights. Health and human rights. 1994:6–23. Mann JM, Gostin L, Gruskin S, Brennan T, Lazzarini Z, Fineberg HV. Health and human rights. Health and human rights. 1994:6–23.
5.
go back to reference Chen W, Nidhi W, Lal BR, Amanullah ASM, Andre MNR. Integrating human rights approaches into public health practices and policies to address health needs amongst Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic analysis. Arch Public Health. 2018;76(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-018-0305-1.CrossRef Chen W, Nidhi W, Lal BR, Amanullah ASM, Andre MNR. Integrating human rights approaches into public health practices and policies to address health needs amongst Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic analysis. Arch Public Health. 2018;76(1):1–14. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s13690-018-0305-1.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference World Health Organization. The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. World Health Organization. The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
9.
go back to reference Kingston LN, Cohen EF, Morley CP. Debate: limitations on universality: the “right to health” and the necessity of legal nationality. 2010. Kingston LN, Cohen EF, Morley CP. Debate: limitations on universality: the “right to health” and the necessity of legal nationality. 2010.
10.
go back to reference Suphanchaimat R. “Health Insurance Card Scheme” for cross-border migrants in Thailand: responses in policy implementation & outcome evaluation. London: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; 2017. Suphanchaimat R. “Health Insurance Card Scheme” for cross-border migrants in Thailand: responses in policy implementation & outcome evaluation. London: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; 2017.
19.
go back to reference Van Minh H, Pocock NS, Chaiyakunapruk N, Chhorvann C, Duc HA, Hanvoravongchai P, et al. Progress toward universal health coverage in ASEAN. Global Health Action. 2015;8(1):25856. Van Minh H, Pocock NS, Chaiyakunapruk N, Chhorvann C, Duc HA, Hanvoravongchai P, et al. Progress toward universal health coverage in ASEAN. Global Health Action. 2015;8(1):25856.
22.
go back to reference Evans DB, Hsu J, Boerma T. Universal health coverage and universal access. SciELO Public Health. 2013. Evans DB, Hsu J, Boerma T. Universal health coverage and universal access. SciELO Public Health. 2013.
23.
go back to reference Wagstaff A, Cotlear D, Eozenou PH-V, Buisman LR. Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: with an application to 24 developing countries. Oxf Rev Econ Policy. 2016;32(1):147.CrossRef Wagstaff A, Cotlear D, Eozenou PH-V, Buisman LR. Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: with an application to 24 developing countries. Oxf Rev Econ Policy. 2016;32(1):147.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Moher D, Tetzlaff J, Liberati A, D’Amico R, Altman DG, Antes G, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Revista Espanola de Nutricion Humana y Dietetica. 2014;18(3):172–81.CrossRef Moher D, Tetzlaff J, Liberati A, D’Amico R, Altman DG, Antes G, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Revista Espanola de Nutricion Humana y Dietetica. 2014;18(3):172–81.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:467–73.CrossRef Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:467–73.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Khan Y, Fazli G, Henry B, de Villa E, Tsamis C, Grant M, et al. The evidence base of primary research in public health emergency preparedness: a scoping review and stakeholder consultation. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):432.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Khan Y, Fazli G, Henry B, de Villa E, Tsamis C, Grant M, et al. The evidence base of primary research in public health emergency preparedness: a scoping review and stakeholder consultation. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):432.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Clarke G. The evolving ASEAN human rights system: the ASEAN human rights declaration of 2012. Northwest Univ J Int Hum Rights. 2012;2012(1):1. Clarke G. The evolving ASEAN human rights system: the ASEAN human rights declaration of 2012. Northwest Univ J Int Hum Rights. 2012;2012(1):1.
41.
go back to reference Suphanchaimat R, Putthasri W, Prakongsai P, Tangcharoensathien V. Evolution and complexity of government policies to protect the health of undocumented/illegal migrants in Thailand—the unsolved challenges. Risk Manag Healthcare Policy. 2017;10:49–62. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S130442.CrossRef Suphanchaimat R, Putthasri W, Prakongsai P, Tangcharoensathien V. Evolution and complexity of government policies to protect the health of undocumented/illegal migrants in Thailand—the unsolved challenges. Risk Manag Healthcare Policy. 2017;10:49–62. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2147/​RMHP.​S130442.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Saman MM, Affandi NHMB. Honouring primary education for stateless children: analysis of malaysian legal perspective and current practice. 2018. Saman MM, Affandi NHMB. Honouring primary education for stateless children: analysis of malaysian legal perspective and current practice. 2018.
55.
go back to reference Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ Compilation Report—Universal Periodic Review: Lao People’s Democratic Republic, June 2014. 2014. Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ Compilation Report—Universal Periodic Review: Lao People’s Democratic Republic, June 2014. 2014.
56.
go back to reference Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ Compilation Report Universal Periodic Review: 3rd cycle, 27th Session—Indonesia. 2016. Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ Compilation Report Universal Periodic Review: 3rd cycle, 27th Session—Indonesia. 2016.
58.
go back to reference UNHCR. Global trends forced displacement in 2018. Geneva, Switzerland. 2019. UNHCR. Global trends forced displacement in 2018. Geneva, Switzerland. 2019.
60.
go back to reference Myint C-Y, Pavlova M, Groot W. A systematic review of the health-financing mechanisms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries and the People’s Republic of China: lessons for the move towards universal health coverage. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(6):e0217278.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Myint C-Y, Pavlova M, Groot W. A systematic review of the health-financing mechanisms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries and the People’s Republic of China: lessons for the move towards universal health coverage. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(6):e0217278.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Jaafar S, Noh K, Muttalib K, Othman N, Healy J. Malaysia health system review. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 2013. 9290615842. Jaafar S, Noh K, Muttalib K, Othman N, Healy J. Malaysia health system review. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 2013. 9290615842.
69.
go back to reference Wake C, Cheung T. Livelihood strategies of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia: ‘We want to live in dignity’. London: Overseas Development Institute; 2016. Wake C, Cheung T. Livelihood strategies of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia: ‘We want to live in dignity’. London: Overseas Development Institute; 2016.
74.
go back to reference Suphanchaimat R, editor Service and financial burdens from providing free healthcare to “Stateless People”: the situation of Umphang Hospital, Thailand. 5th National Health Research Forum. 2011. Suphanchaimat R, editor Service and financial burdens from providing free healthcare to “Stateless People”: the situation of Umphang Hospital, Thailand. 5th National Health Research Forum. 2011.
75.
go back to reference Summerskill W, Horton R. Health in southeast Asia. The Lancet. 2011;377(9763):355–6.CrossRef Summerskill W, Horton R. Health in southeast Asia. The Lancet. 2011;377(9763):355–6.CrossRef
78.
go back to reference WHO, UNHCR. The right to health Geneva. World Health Organization. 2008. Contract No.: ISSN 1014-5567. WHO, UNHCR. The right to health Geneva. World Health Organization. 2008. Contract No.: ISSN 1014-5567.
90.
96.
100.
105.
go back to reference The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict: Concluding observations: Thailand, 21 Feb 2012, CRC/C/OPAC/THA/CO/1 [Concluding Observations]. United Nations Human Rights Office; 2012. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/THIndex.aspx. Accessed 22 Aug 2019. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict: Concluding observations: Thailand, 21 Feb 2012, CRC/C/OPAC/THA/CO/1 [Concluding Observations]. United Nations Human Rights Office; 2012. https://​www.​ohchr.​org/​EN/​Countries/​AsiaRegion/​Pages/​THIndex.​aspx. Accessed 22 Aug 2019.
106.
go back to reference The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 12, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography concluding observations: Thailand, 21 Feb 2012, CRC/C/OPAC/THA/CO/1 [Concluding Observations]. United Nations Human Rights Office; 2012. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/THIndex.aspx. Accessed 22 Aug 2019. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 12, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography concluding observations: Thailand, 21 Feb 2012, CRC/C/OPAC/THA/CO/1 [Concluding Observations]. United Nations Human Rights Office; 2012. https://​www.​ohchr.​org/​EN/​Countries/​AsiaRegion/​Pages/​THIndex.​aspx. Accessed 22 Aug 2019.
109.
go back to reference The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the initial report of the Philippines, submitted under article 12 of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, adopted by the Committee at its sixty-second session, 26 June 2013, CRC/C/OPSC/PHL/CO/1 [Concluding Observations ]. 2013. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/PHIndex.aspx. Accessed 22 Aug 2019. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the initial report of the Philippines, submitted under article 12 of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, adopted by the Committee at its sixty-second session, 26 June 2013, CRC/C/OPSC/PHL/CO/1 [Concluding Observations ]. 2013. https://​www.​ohchr.​org/​EN/​Countries/​AsiaRegion/​Pages/​PHIndex.​aspx. Accessed 22 Aug 2019.
111.
go back to reference The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the report submitted by Cambodia under article 12, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 26 February 2015, CRC/C/OPSC/KHM/CO/1 [Concluding Observations]. 2015. https://www.refworld.org/docid/566e85009.html. Accessed 22 Aug 2019. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the report submitted by Cambodia under article 12, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 26 February 2015, CRC/C/OPSC/KHM/CO/1 [Concluding Observations]. 2015. https://​www.​refworld.​org/​docid/​566e85009.​html. Accessed 22 Aug 2019.
112.
go back to reference The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the report submitted by Cambodia under article 8, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, 23 February 2015, CRC/C/OPAC/KHM/CO/1 [Concluding Observations ]. 2015. https://www.refworld.org/docid/566e8c7e4.html. Accessed 22 Aug 2019. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the report submitted by Cambodia under article 8, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, 23 February 2015, CRC/C/OPAC/KHM/CO/1 [Concluding Observations ]. 2015. https://​www.​refworld.​org/​docid/​566e8c7e4.​html. Accessed 22 Aug 2019.
116.
go back to reference Wanwong Y, Poungkanta W, Putthasri W, Suphanchaimat R, Nipaporn S, Nopparattayaporn P. Health insurance for undocumented migrants: a literature review in developed countries. J Med Assoc Thailand. 2017;100(6):716–26. Wanwong Y, Poungkanta W, Putthasri W, Suphanchaimat R, Nipaporn S, Nopparattayaporn P. Health insurance for undocumented migrants: a literature review in developed countries. J Med Assoc Thailand. 2017;100(6):716–26.
117.
go back to reference Cuadra CB. Right of access to health care for undocumented migrants in EU: a comparative study of national policies. Eur J Public Health. 2012;22:267–71.PubMedCrossRef Cuadra CB. Right of access to health care for undocumented migrants in EU: a comparative study of national policies. Eur J Public Health. 2012;22:267–71.PubMedCrossRef
120.
go back to reference Sakdapolrak P. Protection of women migrant workers: policies of selected sending and receiving countries. Jakarta: World Bank Office Jakarta; 2002. Sakdapolrak P. Protection of women migrant workers: policies of selected sending and receiving countries. Jakarta: World Bank Office Jakarta; 2002.
121.
go back to reference PICUM. Protecting undocumented children: Promising policies and practices from governments. Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM). 2015. PICUM. Protecting undocumented children: Promising policies and practices from governments. Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM). 2015.
122.
go back to reference Brien SE, Lorenzetti DL, Lewis S, Kennedy J, Ghali WA. Overview of a formal scoping review on health system report cards. Implement Sci. 2010;5:1–12.CrossRef Brien SE, Lorenzetti DL, Lewis S, Kennedy J, Ghali WA. Overview of a formal scoping review on health system report cards. Implement Sci. 2010;5:1–12.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Healthcare Policies for Stateless Populations in ASEAN Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors
Proloy Barua
Mukdarut Bangpan
Kanida Narattharaksa
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat
Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
Publication date
01-06-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00945-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2020

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 3/2020 Go to the issue