Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Pain and Headache Reports 9/2014

01-09-2014 | Secondary Headache (K Henry and M Robbins, Section Editors)

Headache and Acute Stroke

Authors: Dara G. Jamieson, Natalie T. Cheng, Maryna Skliut

Published in: Current Pain and Headache Reports | Issue 9/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Disorders associated with prominent headaches, such as migraine with aura and cerebral arterial and venous diseases, increase the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Central nervous system vasculitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and cerebral venous thrombosis are all disorders associated with severe or persistent headache in which the risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is increased. Hemorrhagic strokes, more frequently than ischemic strokes, present with distinct headaches, usually accompanied by focal neurological symptoms. Pregnancy, and especially the postpartum period, is a time of overlap between new-onset headache and stroke risk.
Literature
1.
go back to reference (IHS) HCCotIHS. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33:629–808.CrossRef (IHS) HCCotIHS. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33:629–808.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Tentschert S, Greisenegger S, Wimmer R, Lang W, Lalouschek W. Association of parental history of stroke with clinical parameters in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2003;34:2114–9.PubMedCrossRef Tentschert S, Greisenegger S, Wimmer R, Lang W, Lalouschek W. Association of parental history of stroke with clinical parameters in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2003;34:2114–9.PubMedCrossRef
3.•
go back to reference Goddeau RP, Alhazzani A. Headache in stroke: a review. Headache. 2013;53:1019–22. The most recently published review of headache in cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and CADASIL. The emphasis is on differentiating clinical characteristics of headache in stroke.PubMedCrossRef Goddeau RP, Alhazzani A. Headache in stroke: a review. Headache. 2013;53:1019–22. The most recently published review of headache in cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and CADASIL. The emphasis is on differentiating clinical characteristics of headache in stroke.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Kurth T, Chabriat H, Bousser MG. Migraine and stroke: a complex association with clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:92–100.PubMedCrossRef Kurth T, Chabriat H, Bousser MG. Migraine and stroke: a complex association with clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:92–100.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Nesher G. The diagnosis and classification of giant cell arteritis. J Autoimmun. 2014;48–49:73–5.PubMedCrossRef Nesher G. The diagnosis and classification of giant cell arteritis. J Autoimmun. 2014;48–49:73–5.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Alhazzani A, Goddeau RP. Migraine and stroke: a continuum of association in adults. Headache. 2013;53:1023–7.PubMedCrossRef Alhazzani A, Goddeau RP. Migraine and stroke: a continuum of association in adults. Headache. 2013;53:1023–7.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Tietjen GE. The risk of stroke in patients with migraine and implications for migraine management. CNS Drugs. 2005;19:683–92.PubMedCrossRef Tietjen GE. The risk of stroke in patients with migraine and implications for migraine management. CNS Drugs. 2005;19:683–92.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Logroscino G, Diener HC, Buring JE. Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA. 2006;296:283–91.PubMedCrossRef Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Logroscino G, Diener HC, Buring JE. Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA. 2006;296:283–91.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Bubes V, Logroscino G, Diener HC, et al. Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:795–801.PubMedCrossRef Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Bubes V, Logroscino G, Diener HC, et al. Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:795–801.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Sacco S, Ornello R, Ripa P, Pistoia F, Carolei A. Migraine and hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 2013;44:3032–8.PubMedCrossRef Sacco S, Ornello R, Ripa P, Pistoia F, Carolei A. Migraine and hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 2013;44:3032–8.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Kuo CY, Yen MF, Chen LS, Fann CY, Chiu YH, Chen HH, et al. Increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with migraine: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e55253.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kuo CY, Yen MF, Chen LS, Fann CY, Chiu YH, Chen HH, et al. Increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with migraine: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e55253.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
14.
15.
go back to reference Rinnoci V, Nannucci S, Valenti R, Donnini I, Bianchi S, Pescini F, et al. Cerebral hemorrhages in CADASIL: report of four cases and a brief review. J Neurol Sci. 2013;330:45–51.PubMedCrossRef Rinnoci V, Nannucci S, Valenti R, Donnini I, Bianchi S, Pescini F, et al. Cerebral hemorrhages in CADASIL: report of four cases and a brief review. J Neurol Sci. 2013;330:45–51.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Gunda B, Mine M, Kovács T, Hornyák C, Bereczki D, Várallyay G, et al. COL4A2 mutation causing adult onset recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage and leukoencephalopathy. J Neurol. 2014;261:500–3.PubMedCrossRef Gunda B, Mine M, Kovács T, Hornyák C, Bereczki D, Várallyay G, et al. COL4A2 mutation causing adult onset recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage and leukoencephalopathy. J Neurol. 2014;261:500–3.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Verdelho A, Ferro JM, Melo T, Canhão P, Falcão F. Headache in acute stroke. A prospective study in the first 8 days. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:346–54.PubMedCrossRef Verdelho A, Ferro JM, Melo T, Canhão P, Falcão F. Headache in acute stroke. A prospective study in the first 8 days. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:346–54.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Ferro JM, Melo TP, Oliveira V, Salgado AV, Crespo M, Canhão P, et al. A multivariate study of headache associated with ischemic stroke. Headache. 1995;35:315–9.PubMedCrossRef Ferro JM, Melo TP, Oliveira V, Salgado AV, Crespo M, Canhão P, et al. A multivariate study of headache associated with ischemic stroke. Headache. 1995;35:315–9.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Kumral E, Bogousslavsky J, Van Melle G, Regli F, Pierre P. Headache at stroke onset: the Lausanne Stroke Registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;58:490–2.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kumral E, Bogousslavsky J, Van Melle G, Regli F, Pierre P. Headache at stroke onset: the Lausanne Stroke Registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;58:490–2.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Koudstaal PJ, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ. Headache in transient or permanent cerebral ischemia. Dutch TIA Study Group. Stroke. 1991;22:754–9.PubMedCrossRef Koudstaal PJ, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ. Headache in transient or permanent cerebral ischemia. Dutch TIA Study Group. Stroke. 1991;22:754–9.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Tentschert S, Wimmer R, Greisenegger S, Lang W, Lalouschek W. Headache at stroke onset in 2196 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2005;36:e1–3.PubMedCrossRef Tentschert S, Wimmer R, Greisenegger S, Lang W, Lalouschek W. Headache at stroke onset in 2196 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2005;36:e1–3.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Portenoy RK, Abissi CJ, Lipton RB, Berger AR, Mebler MF, Baglivo J, et al. Headache in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1984;15:1009–12.PubMedCrossRef Portenoy RK, Abissi CJ, Lipton RB, Berger AR, Mebler MF, Baglivo J, et al. Headache in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1984;15:1009–12.PubMedCrossRef
23.••
go back to reference Evans RW, Mitsias PD. Headache at onset of acute cerebral ischemia. Headache. 2009;49:902–8. A well-summarized review article of headache in ischemic stroke, including references to key prospective studies, well-researched descriptions of headache, and proposed mechanisms of headache in stroke.PubMedCrossRef Evans RW, Mitsias PD. Headache at onset of acute cerebral ischemia. Headache. 2009;49:902–8. A well-summarized review article of headache in ischemic stroke, including references to key prospective studies, well-researched descriptions of headache, and proposed mechanisms of headache in stroke.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Arboix A, Massons J, Oliveres M, Arribas MP, Titus F. Headache in acute cerebrovascular disease: a prospective clinical study in 240 patients. Cephalalgia. 1994;14:37–40.PubMedCrossRef Arboix A, Massons J, Oliveres M, Arribas MP, Titus F. Headache in acute cerebrovascular disease: a prospective clinical study in 240 patients. Cephalalgia. 1994;14:37–40.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Maino A, Algra A, Koudstaal PJ, van Zwet EW, Ferrari MD, Wermer MJ, et al. Concomitant headache influences long-term prognosis after acute cerebral ischemia of noncardioembolic origin. Stroke. 2013;44:2446–50.PubMedCrossRef Maino A, Algra A, Koudstaal PJ, van Zwet EW, Ferrari MD, Wermer MJ, et al. Concomitant headache influences long-term prognosis after acute cerebral ischemia of noncardioembolic origin. Stroke. 2013;44:2446–50.PubMedCrossRef
27.
28.•
go back to reference Chen PK, Chiu PY, Tsai IJ, Tseng HP, Chen JR, Yeh SJ, et al. Onset headache predicts good outcome in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2013;44:1852–8. One of the largest scale prospective cohort studies in the literature evaluating the prognosis of patients with onset headache in stroke. The Taiwan Stroke Registry was used to evaluate frequency of stroke in evolution, change in NIHSS, and functional outcome after first-ever ischemic stroke.PubMedCrossRef Chen PK, Chiu PY, Tsai IJ, Tseng HP, Chen JR, Yeh SJ, et al. Onset headache predicts good outcome in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2013;44:1852–8. One of the largest scale prospective cohort studies in the literature evaluating the prognosis of patients with onset headache in stroke. The Taiwan Stroke Registry was used to evaluate frequency of stroke in evolution, change in NIHSS, and functional outcome after first-ever ischemic stroke.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Nardi K, Parnetti L, Pieri ML, Eusebi P, Calabresi P, Sarchielli P. Association between migraine and headache attributed to stroke: a case-control study. Headache. 2008;48:1468–75.PubMedCrossRef Nardi K, Parnetti L, Pieri ML, Eusebi P, Calabresi P, Sarchielli P. Association between migraine and headache attributed to stroke: a case-control study. Headache. 2008;48:1468–75.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW. Thunderclap stroke: embolic cerebellar infarcts presenting as thunderclap headache. Headache. 2006;46:520–2.PubMedCrossRef Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW. Thunderclap stroke: embolic cerebellar infarcts presenting as thunderclap headache. Headache. 2006;46:520–2.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Edvardsson B. Thunderclap headache as the primary clinical feature of a supratentorial embolic cerebral infarct. Neurol Sci. 2012;33:1489–90.PubMedCrossRef Edvardsson B. Thunderclap headache as the primary clinical feature of a supratentorial embolic cerebral infarct. Neurol Sci. 2012;33:1489–90.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Edvinsson L. Tracing neural connections to pain pathways with relevance to primary headaches. Cephalalgia. 2011;31:737–47.PubMedCrossRef Edvinsson L. Tracing neural connections to pain pathways with relevance to primary headaches. Cephalalgia. 2011;31:737–47.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Moskowitz MA, Buzzi MG, Sakas DE, Linnik MD. Pain mechanisms underlying vascular headaches. Progress Report 1989. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1989;145:181–93. Moskowitz MA, Buzzi MG, Sakas DE, Linnik MD. Pain mechanisms underlying vascular headaches. Progress Report 1989. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1989;145:181–93.
34.
go back to reference Leira R, Dávalos A, Aneiros A, Serena J, Pumar JM, Castillo J. Headache as a surrogate marker of the molecular mechanisms implicated in progressing stroke. Cephalalgia. 2002;22:303–8.PubMedCrossRef Leira R, Dávalos A, Aneiros A, Serena J, Pumar JM, Castillo J. Headache as a surrogate marker of the molecular mechanisms implicated in progressing stroke. Cephalalgia. 2002;22:303–8.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Salvarani C, Brown RD, Hunder GG. Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis. Lancet. 2012;380:767–77.PubMedCrossRef Salvarani C, Brown RD, Hunder GG. Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis. Lancet. 2012;380:767–77.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Benseler S, Pohl D. Childhood central nervous system vasculitis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;112:1065–78.PubMedCrossRef Benseler S, Pohl D. Childhood central nervous system vasculitis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;112:1065–78.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Berlit P, Kraemer M. Cerebral vasculitis in adults: what are the steps in order to establish the diagnosis? Red flags and pitfalls. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;175:419–24.PubMedCrossRef Berlit P, Kraemer M. Cerebral vasculitis in adults: what are the steps in order to establish the diagnosis? Red flags and pitfalls. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;175:419–24.PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
go back to reference Oon S, Roberts C, Gorelik A, Wicks I, Brand C. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: experience of a Victorian tertiary-referral hospital. Intern Med J. 2013;43:685–92.PubMedCrossRef Oon S, Roberts C, Gorelik A, Wicks I, Brand C. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: experience of a Victorian tertiary-referral hospital. Intern Med J. 2013;43:685–92.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Salvarani C, Brown RD, Calamia KT, Christianson TJ, Weigand SD, Miller DV, et al. Primary central nervous system vasculitis: analysis of 101 patients. Ann Neurol. 2007;62:442–51.PubMedCrossRef Salvarani C, Brown RD, Calamia KT, Christianson TJ, Weigand SD, Miller DV, et al. Primary central nervous system vasculitis: analysis of 101 patients. Ann Neurol. 2007;62:442–51.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Salvarani C, Brown RD, Calamia KT, Christianson TJ, Huston J, Meschia JF, et al. Primary central nervous system vasculitis presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:3598–606.PubMedCrossRef Salvarani C, Brown RD, Calamia KT, Christianson TJ, Huston J, Meschia JF, et al. Primary central nervous system vasculitis presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:3598–606.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Torralba KD, Colletti PM, Quismorio FP. Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage in necrotizing vasculitis. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:180–2.PubMed Torralba KD, Colletti PM, Quismorio FP. Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage in necrotizing vasculitis. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:180–2.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Tang SC, Lee CF, Lee CW, Jeng JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus flare up manifestation as cerebral and spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lupus. 2011;20:1211–3.PubMedCrossRef Tang SC, Lee CF, Lee CW, Jeng JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus flare up manifestation as cerebral and spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lupus. 2011;20:1211–3.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Go MH, Park JU, Kang JG, Lim YC. Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with churg-strauss syndrome: two case reports. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2012;14:255–61.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Go MH, Park JU, Kang JG, Lim YC. Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with churg-strauss syndrome: two case reports. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2012;14:255–61.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Cheng YC, Kuo KH, Lai TH. A common cause of sudden and thunderclap headaches: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. J Headache Pain. 2014;15:13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Cheng YC, Kuo KH, Lai TH. A common cause of sudden and thunderclap headaches: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. J Headache Pain. 2014;15:13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
47.
go back to reference Mawet J, Boukobza M, Franc J, Sarov M, Arnold M, Bousser MG, et al. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and cervical artery dissection in 20 patients. Neurology. 2013;81:821–4.PubMedCrossRef Mawet J, Boukobza M, Franc J, Sarov M, Arnold M, Bousser MG, et al. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and cervical artery dissection in 20 patients. Neurology. 2013;81:821–4.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Chen SP, Fuh JL, Lirng JF, Chang FC, Wang SJ. Recurrent primary thunderclap headache and benign CNS angiopathy: spectra of the same disorder? Neurology. 2006;67:2164–9.PubMedCrossRef Chen SP, Fuh JL, Lirng JF, Chang FC, Wang SJ. Recurrent primary thunderclap headache and benign CNS angiopathy: spectra of the same disorder? Neurology. 2006;67:2164–9.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Singhal AB, Hajj-Ali RA, Topcuoglu MA, Fok J, Bena J, Yang D, et al. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes: analysis of 139 cases. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:1005–12.PubMedCrossRef Singhal AB, Hajj-Ali RA, Topcuoglu MA, Fok J, Bena J, Yang D, et al. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes: analysis of 139 cases. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:1005–12.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1043–9.PubMedCrossRef Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1043–9.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Marra A, Vargas M, Striano P, Del Guercio L, Buonanno P, Servillo G. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the endothelial hypotheses. Med Hypotheses. 2014;82:619–22.PubMedCrossRef Marra A, Vargas M, Striano P, Del Guercio L, Buonanno P, Servillo G. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the endothelial hypotheses. Med Hypotheses. 2014;82:619–22.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Kastrup O, Schlamann M, Moenninghoff C, Forsting M, Goericke S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the spectrum of MR imaging patterns. Clin Neuroradiol. 2014. doi:10.1007/s00062-014-0293-7 Kastrup O, Schlamann M, Moenninghoff C, Forsting M, Goericke S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the spectrum of MR imaging patterns. Clin Neuroradiol. 2014. doi:10.​1007/​s00062-014-0293-7
53.
go back to reference Yoon SD, Cho BM, Oh SM, Park SH, Jang IB, Lee JY. Clinical and radiological spectrum of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2013;15:206–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yoon SD, Cho BM, Oh SM, Park SH, Jang IB, Lee JY. Clinical and radiological spectrum of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2013;15:206–13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1036–42.PubMedCrossRef Bartynski WS. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1036–42.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference McKinney AM, Jagadeesan BD, Truwit CL. Central-variant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: brainstem or basal ganglia involvement lacking cortical or subcortical cerebral edema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201:631–8.PubMedCrossRef McKinney AM, Jagadeesan BD, Truwit CL. Central-variant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: brainstem or basal ganglia involvement lacking cortical or subcortical cerebral edema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201:631–8.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Osman Y, Imam YZ, Salem K, Al-Hail H, Uthman B, Deleu D. Isolated brainstem involvement in a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2013;2013:540947.PubMedCentralPubMed Osman Y, Imam YZ, Salem K, Al-Hail H, Uthman B, Deleu D. Isolated brainstem involvement in a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2013;2013:540947.PubMedCentralPubMed
57.
go back to reference Karakis I, Macdonald JA, Stefanidou M, Kase CS. Clinical and radiological features of brainstem variant of hypertensive encephalopathy. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2009;2:172–6.PubMedCentralPubMed Karakis I, Macdonald JA, Stefanidou M, Kase CS. Clinical and radiological features of brainstem variant of hypertensive encephalopathy. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2009;2:172–6.PubMedCentralPubMed
58.
go back to reference Hefzy HM, Bartynski WS, Boardman JF, Lacomis D. Hemorrhage in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1371–9.PubMedCrossRef Hefzy HM, Bartynski WS, Boardman JF, Lacomis D. Hemorrhage in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1371–9.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference McKinney AM, Short J, Truwit CL, McKinney ZJ, Kozak OS, SantaCruz KS, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:904–12.PubMedCrossRef McKinney AM, Short J, Truwit CL, McKinney ZJ, Kozak OS, SantaCruz KS, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:904–12.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Legriel S, Schraub O, Azoulay E, Hantson P, Magalhaes E, Coquet I, et al. Determinants of recovery from severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. PLoS One. 2012;7:e44534.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Legriel S, Schraub O, Azoulay E, Hantson P, Magalhaes E, Coquet I, et al. Determinants of recovery from severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. PLoS One. 2012;7:e44534.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Leira R, Castellanos M, Alvarez-Sabín J, Diez-Tejedor E, Dávalos A, Castillo J, et al. Headache in cerebral hemorrhage is associated with inflammatory markers and higher residual cavity. Headache. 2005;45:1236–43.PubMedCrossRef Leira R, Castellanos M, Alvarez-Sabín J, Diez-Tejedor E, Dávalos A, Castillo J, et al. Headache in cerebral hemorrhage is associated with inflammatory markers and higher residual cavity. Headache. 2005;45:1236–43.PubMedCrossRef
62.
63.
go back to reference Abadie V, Jacquin A, Daubail B, Vialatte AL, Lainay C, Durier J, et al. Prevalence and prognostic value of headache on early mortality in acute stroke: the Dijon Stroke Registry. Cephalalgia. 2014. doi:10.1177/0333102414523340 Abadie V, Jacquin A, Daubail B, Vialatte AL, Lainay C, Durier J, et al. Prevalence and prognostic value of headache on early mortality in acute stroke: the Dijon Stroke Registry. Cephalalgia. 2014. doi:10.​1177/​0333102414523340​
64.
go back to reference Hu YZ, Wang JW, Luo BY. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 266 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in Hangzhou, China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2013;14:496–504.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hu YZ, Wang JW, Luo BY. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 266 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in Hangzhou, China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2013;14:496–504.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Linn FH, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, van Gijn J. Headache characteristics in subarachnoid haemorrhage and benign thunderclap headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65:791–3.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Linn FH, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, van Gijn J. Headache characteristics in subarachnoid haemorrhage and benign thunderclap headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65:791–3.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Perry JJ, Stiell IG, Sivilotti ML, Bullard MJ, Hohl CM, Sutherland J, et al. Clinical decision rules to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage for acute headache. JAMA. 2013;310:1248–55.PubMedCrossRef Perry JJ, Stiell IG, Sivilotti ML, Bullard MJ, Hohl CM, Sutherland J, et al. Clinical decision rules to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage for acute headache. JAMA. 2013;310:1248–55.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Beck J, Raabe A, Szelenyi A, Berkefeld J, Gerlach R, Setzer M, et al. Sentinel headache and the risk of rebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2006;37:2733–7.PubMedCrossRef Beck J, Raabe A, Szelenyi A, Berkefeld J, Gerlach R, Setzer M, et al. Sentinel headache and the risk of rebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2006;37:2733–7.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:1158–92.PubMedCrossRef Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:1158–92.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Timóteo Â, Inácio N, Machado S, Pinto AA, Parreira E. Headache as the sole presentation of cerebral venous thrombosis: a prospective study. J Headache Pain. 2012;13:487–90.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Timóteo Â, Inácio N, Machado S, Pinto AA, Parreira E. Headache as the sole presentation of cerebral venous thrombosis: a prospective study. J Headache Pain. 2012;13:487–90.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Gameiro J, Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, Lindgren A, et al. Prognosis of cerebral vein thrombosis presenting as isolated headache: early vs. late diagnosis. Cephalalgia. 2012;32:407–12.PubMedCrossRef Gameiro J, Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, Lindgren A, et al. Prognosis of cerebral vein thrombosis presenting as isolated headache: early vs. late diagnosis. Cephalalgia. 2012;32:407–12.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Pongmoragot J, Saposnik G. Intracerebral hemorrhage from cerebral venous thrombosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2012;14:382–9.PubMedCrossRef Pongmoragot J, Saposnik G. Intracerebral hemorrhage from cerebral venous thrombosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2012;14:382–9.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Crovetto F, Somigliana E, Peguero A, Figueras F. Stroke during pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;25:425–32.PubMedCrossRef Crovetto F, Somigliana E, Peguero A, Figueras F. Stroke during pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;25:425–32.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Melhado EM, Maciel JA, Guerreiro CA. Headache during gestation: evaluation of 1101 women. Can J Neurol Sci. 2007;34:187–92.PubMed Melhado EM, Maciel JA, Guerreiro CA. Headache during gestation: evaluation of 1101 women. Can J Neurol Sci. 2007;34:187–92.PubMed
74.
go back to reference Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, Chireau MV, Fedder WN, Furie KL, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45:1545–88 Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awad IA, Chireau MV, Fedder WN, Furie KL, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45:1545–88
75.•
go back to reference Kamel H, Navi BB, Sriram N, Hovsepian DA, Devereux RB, Elkind MS. Risk of a thrombotic event after the 6-week postpartum period. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1307–15. This recently published paper found that among 1,687,930 women with a first recorded delivery, an elevated risk of thrombosis persisted until at least 12 weeks after delivery. However, the absolute increase in risk beyond 6 weeks after delivery was low.PubMedCrossRef Kamel H, Navi BB, Sriram N, Hovsepian DA, Devereux RB, Elkind MS. Risk of a thrombotic event after the 6-week postpartum period. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1307–15. This recently published paper found that among 1,687,930 women with a first recorded delivery, an elevated risk of thrombosis persisted until at least 12 weeks after delivery. However, the absolute increase in risk beyond 6 weeks after delivery was low.PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Kuklina EV, Tong X, Bansil P, George MG, Callaghan WM. Trends in pregnancy hospitalizations that included a stroke in the United States from 1994 to 2007: reasons for concern? Stroke. 2011;42:2564–70.PubMedCrossRef Kuklina EV, Tong X, Bansil P, George MG, Callaghan WM. Trends in pregnancy hospitalizations that included a stroke in the United States from 1994 to 2007: reasons for concern? Stroke. 2011;42:2564–70.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Wasay M, Saadatnia M, Venketasubramanian N, Kaul S, Menon B, Gunaratne P, et al. Predictors of cerebral venous thrombosis and arterial ischemic stroke in young Asian women. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;21:689–94.PubMedCrossRef Wasay M, Saadatnia M, Venketasubramanian N, Kaul S, Menon B, Gunaratne P, et al. Predictors of cerebral venous thrombosis and arterial ischemic stroke in young Asian women. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;21:689–94.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Gynecologists ACoOa, Pregnancy TFoHi. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122:1122–31.CrossRef Gynecologists ACoOa, Pregnancy TFoHi. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122:1122–31.CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Wang IK, Chang SN, Liao CC, Liang CC, Chang CT, Lin HH, et al. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and preterm delivery and subsequent stroke in Asian women: a retrospective cohort study. Stroke. 2011;42:716–21.PubMedCrossRef Wang IK, Chang SN, Liao CC, Liang CC, Chang CT, Lin HH, et al. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and preterm delivery and subsequent stroke in Asian women: a retrospective cohort study. Stroke. 2011;42:716–21.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Marozio L, Facchinetti F, Allais G, Nappi RE, Enrietti M, Neri I, et al. Headache and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;161:140–3.PubMedCrossRef Marozio L, Facchinetti F, Allais G, Nappi RE, Enrietti M, Neri I, et al. Headache and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;161:140–3.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Headache and Acute Stroke
Authors
Dara G. Jamieson
Natalie T. Cheng
Maryna Skliut
Publication date
01-09-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Pain and Headache Reports / Issue 9/2014
Print ISSN: 1531-3433
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3081
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-014-0444-1

Other articles of this Issue 9/2014

Current Pain and Headache Reports 9/2014 Go to the issue

Psychiatric Management of Pain (M Clark, Section Editor)

Negotiating the Maze: Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior in Chronic Pain Patients

Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (D Wang, Section Editor)

Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache with Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection

Myofascial Pain (R Gerwin, Section Editor)

Myofascial Low Back Pain Treatment

Secondary Headache (K Henry and M Robbins, Section Editors)

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: a Comprehensive Update

Secondary Headache (K Henry and M Robbins, Section Editors)

Headache and the Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome