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Published in: Neurological Research and Practice 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Review

Guillain-barré syndrome (GBS) with antecedent chikungunya infection: a case report and literature review

Authors: Sreelakshmi V., Amrita Pattanaik, Srilatha Marate, Reeta S Mani, Aparna R. Pai, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay

Published in: Neurological Research and Practice | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neuropathy. Antecedent infections have been seen to be significant triggering factors for developing GBS. Among them, arboviral infections are rapidly gaining importance as significant triggers, especially in the areas where they are endemic. Chikungunya, an arboviral infection that usually causes a self-limiting acute febrile illness can lead to GBS as one its severe complications. Herein, we describe a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with weakness in all four limbs and paresthesia. Nerve conduction study and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed axonal, demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathy with albuminocytological dissociation indicating Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) variant of GBS. Serum IgM antibodies against ganglioside GM1 were detected. Anti-Chikungunya IgM antibodies were found in both serum and CSF samples. The patient was initiated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. In view of hypoxia, she was intubated and was on mechanical ventilation. After 2 weeks of being comatose, the patient gradually improved and was discharged with no sequelae.
A literature review on antecedent infections in GBS is presented alongside the case report to better understand the association of GBS with antecedent infections, especially the endemic arboviral infections like Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika. This will help in reinforcing the significance of having robust surveillance and public health control measures for infectious diseases.
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Metadata
Title
Guillain-barré syndrome (GBS) with antecedent chikungunya infection: a case report and literature review
Authors
Sreelakshmi V.
Amrita Pattanaik
Srilatha Marate
Reeta S Mani
Aparna R. Pai
Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Neurological Research and Practice / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2524-3489
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-024-00315-6

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