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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Research

Growth differentiation factor-15 and circulating biomarkers as predictors of periodontal treatment effects in patients with periodontitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial

Authors: Gaetano Isola, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Simona Santonocito, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Anand Marya, Antonino Lo Giudice

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Background

During the last decades, in patients with periodontitis, periodontal treatment has been shown to reduce the potential release of local and systemic biomarkers linked to an early risk of systemic inflammatory disorders. This study evaluated the efficacy of non-surgical-periodontal treatment (NSPT) on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and related circulating biomarkers such as glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in periodontal patients and explored whether subjects who had high GDF-15 levels at baseline showed increased clinical benefits following NSPT at 6-months follow-up.

Methods

For this two-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial, patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to receive quadrant scaling and root-planing (Q-SRP, n = 23, median age 51 years old) or full-mouth disinfection (FMD, n = 23, median age 50 years old) treatment. Clinical and periodontal parameters were recorded in all enrolled patients. The primary outcome was to analyse serum concentrations changes of GDF-15 and of GPx-1, hs-CRP, and SP-D at baseline and at 30, 90, and 180-days follow-up after NSPT through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nephelometric assay techniques.

Results

In comparison with FMD, patients of the Q-SRP group showed a significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05) and a reduction in the mean levels of GDF-15 (p = 0.005), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), and SP-D (p = 0.042) and an increase of GPx-1 (p = 0.025) concentrations after 6 months of treatment. At 6 months of treatment, there was a significant association between several periodontal parameters and the mean concentrations of GDF-15, GPx-1, hs-CRP, and SP-D (p < 0.05 for all parameters). Finally, the ANOVA analysis revealed that, at 6 months after treatment, the Q-SRP treatment significantly impacted the reduction of GDF-15 (p = 0.015), SP-D (p = 0.026) and the upregulation of GPx-1 (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

The results evidenced that, after 6 months of treatment, both NSPT protocols improved the periodontal parameters and analyzed biomarkers, but Q-SRP was more efficacious than the FMD approach. Moreover, patients who presented high baseline GDF-15 and SP-D levels benefited more from NSPT at 6-month follow-up.

Trial registration

NCT05720481.

Available only for authorised users

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Title: Growth differentiation factor-15 and circulating biomarkers as predictors of periodontal treatment effects in patients with periodontitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gaetano Isola
Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
Simona Santonocito
Akhilanand Chaurasia
Anand Marya
Antonino Lo Giudice
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03237-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Growth differentiation factor-15 and circulating biomarkers as predictors of periodontal treatment effects in patients with periodontitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Trial registration

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Trial registration

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