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Published in: Drugs 9/2004

01-05-2004 | Leading Article

Glycopeptide Antibiotics

from Conventional Molecules to New Derivatives

Authors: Dr Françoise Van Bambeke, Yves Van Laethem, Patrice Courvalin, Paul M. Tulkens

Published in: Drugs | Issue 9/2004

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Abstract

Vancomycin and teicoplanin are still the only glycopeptide antibiotics available for use in humans. Emergence of resistance in enterococci and staphylococci has led to restriction of their use to severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria for which no other alternative is acceptable (because of resistance or allergy). In parallel, considerable efforts have been made to produce semisynthetic glycopeptides with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and with activity towards resistant strains. Several molecules have now been obtained, helping to better delineate structure-activity relationships. Two are being currently evaluated for skin and soft tissue infections and are in phases II/ III. The first, oritavancin (LY333328), is the 4′-chlorobiphenylmethyl derivative of chloroeremomycin, an analogue to vancomycin. It is characterised by: i) a spectrum covering vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to some extent glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA); ii) rapid bactericidal activity including against the intracellular forms of enterococci and staphylococci; and iii) a prolonged half-life, allowing for daily administration. The second molecule is dalbavancin (BI397), a derivative of the teicoplanin analogue A40926. Dalbavancin has a spectrum of activity similar to that of oritavancin against vancomycin-sensitive strains, but is not active against VRE. It can be administered once a week, based on its prolonged retention in the organism. Despite these remarkable properties, the use of these potent agents should be restricted to severe infections, as should the older glycopeptides, with an extension towards resistant or poorly sensitive bacteria, to limit the risk of potential selection of resistance.
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Metadata
Title
Glycopeptide Antibiotics
from Conventional Molecules to New Derivatives
Authors
Dr Françoise Van Bambeke
Yves Van Laethem
Patrice Courvalin
Paul M. Tulkens
Publication date
01-05-2004
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Drugs / Issue 9/2004
Print ISSN: 0012-6667
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1950
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200464090-00001

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