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BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Gestational Diabetes | Research

National and regional prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in India: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Authors: Neha Mantri, Akhil Dhanesh Goel, Mamta Patel, Pritish Baskaran, Gitashree Dutta, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Vikas Yadav, Madhukar Mittal, Shashank Shekhar, Pankaj Bhardwaj

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is frequently misdiagnosed during pregnancy. There is an abundance of evidence, but little is known regarding the regional prevalence estimates of GDM in India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide valuable insights into the national and regional prevalence of GDM among pregnant women in India.

Methods

We conducted an initial article search on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ShodhGanga searches to identify quantitative research papers (database inception till 15th June,2022). This review included prevalence studies that estimated the occurrence of GDM across different states in India.

Results

Two independent reviewers completed the screening of 2393 articles, resulting in the identification of 110 articles that met the inclusion criteria, which collectively provided 117 prevalence estimates. Using a pooled estimate calculation (with an Inverse square heterogeneity model), the pooled prevalence of GDM in pregnant women was estimated to be 13%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 9 to 16%.. In India, Diabetes in Pregnancy Study of India (DIPSI) was the most common diagnostic criteria used, followed by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and World Health Organization (WHO) 1999. It was observed that the rural population has slightly less prevalence of GDM at 10.0% [6.0–13.0%, I2=96%] when compared to the urban population where the prevalence of GDM was 12.0% [9.0–16.0%, I2 = 99%].

Conclusions

This review emphasizes the lack of consensus in screening and diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), leading to varied prevalence rates across Indian states. It thoroughly examines the controversies regarding GDM screening by analyzing population characteristics, geographic variations, diagnostic criteria agreement, screening timing, fasting vs. non-fasting approaches, cost-effectiveness, and feasibility, offering valuable recommendations for policy makers. By fostering the implementation of state-wise screening programs, it can contribute to improving maternal and neonatal outcomes and promoting healthier pregnancies across the country.
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Metadata
Title
National and regional prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in India: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors
Neha Mantri
Akhil Dhanesh Goel
Mamta Patel
Pritish Baskaran
Gitashree Dutta
Manoj Kumar Gupta
Vikas Yadav
Madhukar Mittal
Shashank Shekhar
Pankaj Bhardwaj
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18024-9

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