Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2/2014

01-04-2014

Foundations of Mindfulness and Contemplation: Traditional and Contemporary Perspectives

Author: Spencer A. McWilliams

Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction | Issue 2/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

The growing use of mindfulness and contemplative methods in treating mental illness and addiction has elicited interest in their relationship to the comprehensive Buddhist theory and practices that underlie them. This article discusses traditional Buddhist meta-theoretical assumptions regarding ontology and epistemology, along with its perspectives on the self, human functioning, dissatisfaction and dysfunction, and the relationship to mindfulness human well-being. It then describes contemporary elaboration of the concepts of mindfulness and psychological well-being by Buddhist-oriented practitioners and provides examples of therapeutic methods that incorporate these views and techniques.
Literature
go back to reference Anderson, D. T. (2005). Empathy, psychotherapy integration, and meditation: a Buddhist contribution to the common factors movement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45, 483–502.CrossRef Anderson, D. T. (2005). Empathy, psychotherapy integration, and meditation: a Buddhist contribution to the common factors movement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45, 483–502.CrossRef
go back to reference Block, S. H. (2005). Come to your senses: Demystifying the mind-body connection. Hillsboro: Beyond Words. Block, S. H. (2005). Come to your senses: Demystifying the mind-body connection. Hillsboro: Beyond Words.
go back to reference Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237.CrossRef Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237.CrossRef
go back to reference Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: the Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–233.PubMedCrossRef Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: the Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–233.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Efran, J. S., & Soler-Baillo, J. (2008). Mind and self in context-centered psychotherapy. In J. Raskin & S. K. Bridges (Eds.), Studies in meaning 3: Constructivist psychotherapy in the real world (pp. 85–106). New York: Pace University Press. Efran, J. S., & Soler-Baillo, J. (2008). Mind and self in context-centered psychotherapy. In J. Raskin & S. K. Bridges (Eds.), Studies in meaning 3: Constructivist psychotherapy in the real world (pp. 85–106). New York: Pace University Press.
go back to reference Efran, J. S., Lukens, M. D., & Lukens, R. J. (1990). Language, structure, and change: Frameworks of meaning in psychotherapy. New York: Norton. Efran, J. S., Lukens, M. D., & Lukens, R. J. (1990). Language, structure, and change: Frameworks of meaning in psychotherapy. New York: Norton.
go back to reference Ekman, P., Davidson, R. J., Ricard, M., & Wallace, B. A. (2005). Buddhist and psychological perspectives on emotions and well-being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(2), 59–63.CrossRef Ekman, P., Davidson, R. J., Ricard, M., & Wallace, B. A. (2005). Buddhist and psychological perspectives on emotions and well-being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(2), 59–63.CrossRef
go back to reference Epstein, M. (2007). Psychotherapy without the self: A Buddhist perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press. Epstein, M. (2007). Psychotherapy without the self: A Buddhist perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press.
go back to reference Fleischman, P. R. (2010). Beyond mindfulness: Complex psychological development through vipassana. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 303–318). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Fleischman, P. R. (2010). Beyond mindfulness: Complex psychological development through vipassana. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 303–318). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Galin, D. (2003). The concepts of “self”, “person”, and “I” in western psychology and in Buddhism. In B. A. Wallace (Ed.), Buddhism & science: Breaking new ground (pp. 107–142). New York: Columbia University Press. Galin, D. (2003). The concepts of “self”, “person”, and “I” in western psychology and in Buddhism. In B. A. Wallace (Ed.), Buddhism & science: Breaking new ground (pp. 107–142). New York: Columbia University Press.
go back to reference Garfield, J. (1995). The fundamental wisdom of the Middle Way. New York: Oxford University Press. Garfield, J. (1995). The fundamental wisdom of the Middle Way. New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Guang, X. (2005). The concept of the Buddha: Its evolution from early Buddhism to the trikāya theory. New York: RoutledgeCurzon. Guang, X. (2005). The concept of the Buddha: Its evolution from early Buddhism to the trikāya theory. New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
go back to reference Guang, X. (2010). The historical Buddha: A psychological analysis. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 53–78). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Guang, X. (2010). The historical Buddha: A psychological analysis. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 53–78). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Hayes, S. C. (1993). Analytic goals and the varieties of scientific contextualism. In S. C. Hayes, L. H. Hayes, H. W. Reese, & T. R. Sarbin (Eds.), Varieties of scientific contextualism (pp. 11–17). Reno: Context Press. Hayes, S. C. (1993). Analytic goals and the varieties of scientific contextualism. In S. C. Hayes, L. H. Hayes, H. W. Reese, & T. R. Sarbin (Eds.), Varieties of scientific contextualism (pp. 11–17). Reno: Context Press.
go back to reference Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the new behavior therapies: Mindfulness, acceptance, and relationship. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 1–29). New York: Guilford. Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the new behavior therapies: Mindfulness, acceptance, and relationship. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 1–29). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Hofman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.CrossRef Hofman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.CrossRef
go back to reference Huntington, C. W. (1989). The emptiness of emptiness: An introduction to early Indian Mādhyamika. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Huntington, C. W. (1989). The emptiness of emptiness: An introduction to early Indian Mādhyamika. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
go back to reference Kaklauskas, F. J., Nimanheminda, S., Hoffman, L., & Jack, M. S. (Eds.). (2008). Brilliant sanity: Buddhist approaches to psychotherapy. Colorado Springs: University of the Rockies Press. Kaklauskas, F. J., Nimanheminda, S., Hoffman, L., & Jack, M. S. (Eds.). (2008). Brilliant sanity: Buddhist approaches to psychotherapy. Colorado Springs: University of the Rockies Press.
go back to reference Kalupahana, D. J. (1987). The principles of Buddhist psychology. Albany: State University of New York Press. Kalupahana, D. J. (1987). The principles of Buddhist psychology. Albany: State University of New York Press.
go back to reference Kalupahana, D. J. (1992). A history of Buddhist philosophy: Continuities and discontinuities. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Kalupahana, D. J. (1992). A history of Buddhist philosophy: Continuities and discontinuities. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
go back to reference Kalupahana, D. J. (2010). Miracles: An early Buddhist view. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 173–184). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Kalupahana, D. J. (2010). Miracles: An early Buddhist view. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 173–184). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Kariyawasam, T. (2010). Omniscience: The Buddhist point of view. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 153–171). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Kariyawasam, T. (2010). Omniscience: The Buddhist point of view. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 153–171). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Khong, B. S. L. (2003a). Buddhism and psychotherapy: experiencing and releasing dis-ease. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 8(2), 37–56. Khong, B. S. L. (2003a). Buddhism and psychotherapy: experiencing and releasing dis-ease. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 8(2), 37–56.
go back to reference Khong, B. S. L. (2003b). The Buddha teaches an attitude, not an affiliation. In S. R. Segall (Ed.), Encountering Buddhism: Western psychology and Buddhist teachings (pp. 61–74). Albany: SUNY Press. Khong, B. S. L. (2003b). The Buddha teaches an attitude, not an affiliation. In S. R. Segall (Ed.), Encountering Buddhism: Western psychology and Buddhist teachings (pp. 61–74). Albany: SUNY Press.
go back to reference Khong, B. (2006). Augmenting cognitive-behavior therapy with Buddhist psychology. In M. G. T. Kwee, K. J. Gergen, & F. Koshikawa (Eds.), Horizons in Buddhist psychology: Practice, research and theory (pp. 315–330). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute. Khong, B. (2006). Augmenting cognitive-behavior therapy with Buddhist psychology. In M. G. T. Kwee, K. J. Gergen, & F. Koshikawa (Eds.), Horizons in Buddhist psychology: Practice, research and theory (pp. 315–330). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute.
go back to reference Kwee, M. G. T. (Ed.). (2010a). New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners. Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute. Kwee, M. G. T. (Ed.). (2010a). New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners. Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute.
go back to reference Kwee, M. G. T. (2010b). The social construction of a new Buddhist psychology. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 29–49). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Kwee, M. G. T. (2010b). The social construction of a new Buddhist psychology. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 29–49). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Leitner, L. M., & Faidley, A. J. (2008). Embodiment in experiential personal construct psychotherapy: Theoretical and technical concerns. In J. Raskin & S. K. Bridges (Eds.), Studies in meaning 3: Constructivist psychotherapy in the real world (pp. 107–123). New York: Pace University Press. Leitner, L. M., & Faidley, A. J. (2008). Embodiment in experiential personal construct psychotherapy: Theoretical and technical concerns. In J. Raskin & S. K. Bridges (Eds.), Studies in meaning 3: Constructivist psychotherapy in the real world (pp. 107–123). New York: Pace University Press.
go back to reference Leitner, L., & Thomas, J. (2003). Experiential personal construct psychotherapy. In F. Fransella (Ed.), International handbook of personal construct psychology (pp. 257–264). Chichester: Wiley. Leitner, L., & Thomas, J. (2003). Experiential personal construct psychotherapy. In F. Fransella (Ed.), International handbook of personal construct psychology (pp. 257–264). Chichester: Wiley.
go back to reference Leutchford, M. E. (2002). Between heaven and earth: A translation of Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Bristol: Windbell Publications. Leutchford, M. E. (2002). Between heaven and earth: A translation of Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Bristol: Windbell Publications.
go back to reference Magid, B. (2002). Ordinary mind: Exploring the common ground of Zen and psychotherapy. Boston: Wisdom. Magid, B. (2002). Ordinary mind: Exploring the common ground of Zen and psychotherapy. Boston: Wisdom.
go back to reference Magid, B. (2008). Ending the pursuit of happiness: A Zen guide. Boston: Wisdom. Magid, B. (2008). Ending the pursuit of happiness: A Zen guide. Boston: Wisdom.
go back to reference McWilliams, S. A. (2010). Inherent self, invented self, empty self: Constructivism, Buddhism, and psychotherapy. Counseling and Values, 55, 79–100. McWilliams, S. A. (2010). Inherent self, invented self, empty self: Constructivism, Buddhism, and psychotherapy. Counseling and Values, 55, 79–100.
go back to reference McWilliams, S. A. (2011). Contemplating a contemporary constructivist Buddhist psychology. [Review of New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners.] Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 24(3), 268–276. McWilliams, S. A. (2011). Contemplating a contemporary constructivist Buddhist psychology. [Review of New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners.] Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 24(3), 268–276.
go back to reference McWilliams, S. A. (2012). Mindfulness and extending constructivist psychotherapy integration. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 25(3), 230–250. McWilliams, S. A. (2012). Mindfulness and extending constructivist psychotherapy integration. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 25(3), 230–250.
go back to reference Mikulas, W. L. (2007). Buddhism and western psychology: fundamentals of integration. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14(4), 4–49. Mikulas, W. L. (2007). Buddhism and western psychology: fundamentals of integration. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14(4), 4–49.
go back to reference Mikulas, W. L. (2010). Integrating western psychology and Buddhist psychology. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 271–287). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Mikulas, W. L. (2010). Integrating western psychology and Buddhist psychology. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 271–287). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Mohan, K. K. (2003). Buddhism and psychotherapy: an exploratory field study. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 8(2), 203–223. Mohan, K. K. (2003). Buddhism and psychotherapy: an exploratory field study. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 8(2), 203–223.
go back to reference Myint, A. (2010). Mindfulness ain’t enough in psychotherapy: Case study of meditation classes. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 321–331). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Myint, A. (2010). Mindfulness ain’t enough in psychotherapy: Case study of meditation classes. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 321–331). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Pemerathana, S. (2010). Early Buddhists insights in proliferating concepts and views. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 123–136). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute. Pemerathana, S. (2010). Early Buddhists insights in proliferating concepts and views. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 123–136). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute.
go back to reference Premasiri, P. D. (2010). Buddhist philosophy as a way of life for the therapy of the dis-eased mind. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 137–148). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Premasiri, P. D. (2010). Buddhist philosophy as a way of life for the therapy of the dis-eased mind. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 137–148). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Rapgay, L. (2010). Classical mindfulness: Its theory and potential for clinical application. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 333–351). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Rapgay, L. (2010). Classical mindfulness: Its theory and potential for clinical application. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 333–351). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Rescher, N. (1996). Process metaphysics: An introduction to process philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. Rescher, N. (1996). Process metaphysics: An introduction to process philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
go back to reference Robins, C. J., Schmidt, H., & Linehan, M. (2004). Dialectical behavior therapy: Synthesizing radical acceptance with skillful means. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.). Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 30–44). New York: Guilford. Robins, C. J., Schmidt, H., & Linehan, M. (2004). Dialectical behavior therapy: Synthesizing radical acceptance with skillful means. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.). Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 30–44). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Ronkin, N. (2009). Theravada metaphysics and ontology. In W. Edelglass & J. Garfield (Eds.), Buddhist philosophy: Essential readings (pp. 13–25). New York: Oxford University Press. Ronkin, N. (2009). Theravada metaphysics and ontology. In W. Edelglass & J. Garfield (Eds.), Buddhist philosophy: Essential readings (pp. 13–25). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Rothaupt, J. W., & Morgan, M. M. (2007). Counselors’ and counselor educators’ practice of mindfulness: a qualitative inquiry. Counseling and Values, 52, 40–54.CrossRef Rothaupt, J. W., & Morgan, M. M. (2007). Counselors’ and counselor educators’ practice of mindfulness: a qualitative inquiry. Counseling and Values, 52, 40–54.CrossRef
go back to reference Rubin, J. B. (1996). Psychotherapy and Buddhism: Toward an integration. New York: Plenum.CrossRef Rubin, J. B. (1996). Psychotherapy and Buddhism: Toward an integration. New York: Plenum.CrossRef
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Theoretical rationale and empirical status. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 45–65). New York: Guilford. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Theoretical rationale and empirical status. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 45–65). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Segall, S. R. (Ed.). (2003). Encountering Buddhism: Western psychology and Buddhist teachings. Albany: State University of New York Press. Segall, S. R. (Ed.). (2003). Encountering Buddhism: Western psychology and Buddhist teachings. Albany: State University of New York Press.
go back to reference Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A. & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1–14.i doi: 10.1002/jclp20237. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A. & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1–14.i doi: 10.​1002/​jclp20237.
go back to reference Sik, H. (2010). Dharma therapy: An intervention program with mindfulness as one of its key components. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 353–372). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Sik, H. (2010). Dharma therapy: An intervention program with mindfulness as one of its key components. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 353–372). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Singh, N., Lancioni, G., Wahler, R., Winton, A., & Singh, J. (2008). Mindfulness approaches in cognitive behaviour therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 1–8.CrossRef Singh, N., Lancioni, G., Wahler, R., Winton, A., & Singh, J. (2008). Mindfulness approaches in cognitive behaviour therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 1–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Tilakaratne, A. (2010). Nirvana of the healthy mind. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 185–202). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications. Tilakaratne, A. (2010). Nirvana of the healthy mind. In M. G. T. Kwee (Ed.), New horizons in Buddhist psychology: Relational Buddhism for collaborative practitioners (pp. 185–202). Chagrin Falls: Taos Institute Publications.
go back to reference Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., Sumich, A., Sundin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Meditation Awareness Training (MAT) for psychological wellbeing in a sub-clinical sample of university students: a controlled pilot study. Mindfulness. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0191-5. Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., Sumich, A., Sundin, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Meditation Awareness Training (MAT) for psychological wellbeing in a sub-clinical sample of university students: a controlled pilot study. Mindfulness. doi:10.​1007/​s12671-012-0191-5.
go back to reference Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: building bridges between Buddhism and western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701.PubMedCrossRef Wallace, B. A., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). Mental balance and well-being: building bridges between Buddhism and western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 690–701.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Walsh, R., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). The meeting of meditative disciplines and western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(3), 227–239.PubMedCrossRef Walsh, R., & Shapiro, S. L. (2006). The meeting of meditative disciplines and western psychology. American Psychologist, 61(3), 227–239.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Watson, G. (1998). The resonance of emptiness: A Buddhist inspiration for a contemporary psychotherapy. Richmond: Curzon. Watson, G. (1998). The resonance of emptiness: A Buddhist inspiration for a contemporary psychotherapy. Richmond: Curzon.
go back to reference Watts, A. (1961). Psychotherapy east and west. New York: Vintage. Watts, A. (1961). Psychotherapy east and west. New York: Vintage.
Metadata
Title
Foundations of Mindfulness and Contemplation: Traditional and Contemporary Perspectives
Author
Spencer A. McWilliams
Publication date
01-04-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction / Issue 2/2014
Print ISSN: 1557-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1882
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-014-9486-1

Other articles of this Issue 2/2014

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2/2014 Go to the issue