Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Skeletal Radiology 8/2009

01-08-2009 | Review Article

Focal lesions of the patella

Authors: B. Hedayati, A. Saifuddin

Published in: Skeletal Radiology | Issue 8/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Focal lesions of the patella may be identified during the investigation of anterior knee pain or as an incidental finding on radiological images. This pictorial review describes the radiographic appearances of a wide range of conditions that have been seen in this sesamoid bone. Where appropriate, computed tomography and magnetic resonance features have been included.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Elias DA, White LM. Imaging of patellofemoral disorders. Clin Radiol 2004; 59: 543–557.CrossRef Elias DA, White LM. Imaging of patellofemoral disorders. Clin Radiol 2004; 59: 543–557.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Christian SR, Anderson MB, Workman R, Conway WF, Pope TL. Imaging of anterior knee pain. Clin Sports Med 2006; 25: 681–702.CrossRef Christian SR, Anderson MB, Workman R, Conway WF, Pope TL. Imaging of anterior knee pain. Clin Sports Med 2006; 25: 681–702.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bongers EM, van Kampen A, van Bokhoven H, Knoers NV. Human syndromes with congenital patellar anomalies and the underlying gene defects. Clin Genet 2005; 68: 302–319.CrossRef Bongers EM, van Kampen A, van Bokhoven H, Knoers NV. Human syndromes with congenital patellar anomalies and the underlying gene defects. Clin Genet 2005; 68: 302–319.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Vatanavicharn N, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL. Multilayered patella: similar radiographic findings in pseudoachondroplasia and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A: 1682–1686.CrossRef Vatanavicharn N, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL. Multilayered patella: similar radiographic findings in pseudoachondroplasia and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A: 1682–1686.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Hägglund G, Pettersson H. A case of bilateral duplication of the patella. Acta Orthop Scand 1989; 60: 725–727.CrossRef Hägglund G, Pettersson H. A case of bilateral duplication of the patella. Acta Orthop Scand 1989; 60: 725–727.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Atesok K, Doral MN, Lowe J, Finsterbush A. Symptomatic bipartite patella: treatment alternatives. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008; 16: 455–461.CrossRef Atesok K, Doral MN, Lowe J, Finsterbush A. Symptomatic bipartite patella: treatment alternatives. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008; 16: 455–461.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Oohashi Y, Koshino T. Bone scintigraphy in patients with bipartite patella. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15: 1395–1399.CrossRef Oohashi Y, Koshino T. Bone scintigraphy in patients with bipartite patella. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15: 1395–1399.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Kavanagh EC, Zoga A, Omar I, Ford S, Schweitzer M, Eustace S. MRI findings in bipartite patella. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36: 209–214.CrossRef Kavanagh EC, Zoga A, Omar I, Ford S, Schweitzer M, Eustace S. MRI findings in bipartite patella. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36: 209–214.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zumstein M, Sukthankar A, Exner GU. Tripartite patella: late appearance of a third ossification center in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop B 2006; 15: 75–76.CrossRef Zumstein M, Sukthankar A, Exner GU. Tripartite patella: late appearance of a third ossification center in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop B 2006; 15: 75–76.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Safran MR, McDonough P, Seeger L, Gold R, Oppenheim WL. Dorsal defect of the patella. J Pediatr Orthop 1994; 14: 603–607.CrossRef Safran MR, McDonough P, Seeger L, Gold R, Oppenheim WL. Dorsal defect of the patella. J Pediatr Orthop 1994; 14: 603–607.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference van Holsbeeck M, Vandamme B, Marchal G, Martens M, Victor J, Baert AL. Dorsal defect of the patella: concept of its origin and relationship with bipartite and multipartite patella. Skeletal Radiol 1987; 16: 304–311.CrossRef van Holsbeeck M, Vandamme B, Marchal G, Martens M, Victor J, Baert AL. Dorsal defect of the patella: concept of its origin and relationship with bipartite and multipartite patella. Skeletal Radiol 1987; 16: 304–311.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Mellado JM, Salvadó E, Ramos A, Camins A, Saurí A. Dorsal defect on a multi-partite patella: imaging findings. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 1136–1139.CrossRef Mellado JM, Salvadó E, Ramos A, Camins A, Saurí A. Dorsal defect on a multi-partite patella: imaging findings. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 1136–1139.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Narváez J, Narváez JA, Clavaguera MT, Gil M, Sánchez-Márquez A, Nolla-Solé JM. Dorsal defect of the patella: an uncommon cause of knee pain. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 1244–1245.CrossRef Narváez J, Narváez JA, Clavaguera MT, Gil M, Sánchez-Márquez A, Nolla-Solé JM. Dorsal defect of the patella: an uncommon cause of knee pain. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 1244–1245.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Ho VB, Kransdorf MJ, Jelinek JS, Kim CK. Dorsal defect of the patella: MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991; 15: 474–476.CrossRef Ho VB, Kransdorf MJ, Jelinek JS, Kim CK. Dorsal defect of the patella: MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991; 15: 474–476.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Anand S, Hahnel JC, Giannoudis PV. Open patellar fractures: high energy injuries with a poor outcome? Injury 2008; 39: 480–484.CrossRef Anand S, Hahnel JC, Giannoudis PV. Open patellar fractures: high energy injuries with a poor outcome? Injury 2008; 39: 480–484.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Tonotsuka H, Yamamoto Y. Separation of a bipartite patella combined with quadriceps tendon rupture: a case report. Knee 2008; 15: 64–67.CrossRef Tonotsuka H, Yamamoto Y. Separation of a bipartite patella combined with quadriceps tendon rupture: a case report. Knee 2008; 15: 64–67.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Hunt DM, Somashekar N. A review of sleeve fractures of the patella in children. Knee 2005; 12: 3–7.CrossRef Hunt DM, Somashekar N. A review of sleeve fractures of the patella in children. Knee 2005; 12: 3–7.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Van Isacker T, De Boeck H. Sleeve fracture of the upper pole of the patella: a case report. Acta Orthop Belg 2007; 73: 114–117.PubMed Van Isacker T, De Boeck H. Sleeve fracture of the upper pole of the patella: a case report. Acta Orthop Belg 2007; 73: 114–117.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Sheth NP, Pedowitz DI, Lonner JH. Periprosthetic patellar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007; 89: 2285–2296.PubMed Sheth NP, Pedowitz DI, Lonner JH. Periprosthetic patellar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007; 89: 2285–2296.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Lee GH, McCulloch P, Cole BJ, Bush-Joseph CA, Bach BR Jr. The incidence of acute patellar tendon harvest complications for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2008; 24: 162–166.CrossRef Lee GH, McCulloch P, Cole BJ, Bush-Joseph CA, Bach BR Jr. The incidence of acute patellar tendon harvest complications for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2008; 24: 162–166.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Nomura E, Inoune M, Kurimura M. Chondral and osteochondral injuries associated with acute patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy 2003; 19: 215–217.CrossRef Nomura E, Inoune M, Kurimura M. Chondral and osteochondral injuries associated with acute patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy 2003; 19: 215–217.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Zaidi A, Babyn P, Astori I, White L, Doria A, Cole W. MRI of traumatic patellar dislocation in children. Pediatr Radiol 2006; 36: 1163–1170.CrossRef Zaidi A, Babyn P, Astori I, White L, Doria A, Cole W. MRI of traumatic patellar dislocation in children. Pediatr Radiol 2006; 36: 1163–1170.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Toritsuka Y, Horibe S, Hiro-Oka A, Mitsuoka T, Nakamura N. Medial marginal fracture of the patella following patellar dislocation. Knee 2007; 14: 429–433.CrossRef Toritsuka Y, Horibe S, Hiro-Oka A, Mitsuoka T, Nakamura N. Medial marginal fracture of the patella following patellar dislocation. Knee 2007; 14: 429–433.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Jerabek SA, Asnis PD, Bredella MA, Ouellette HA, Poon SK, Gill TJ 4th. Medial patellar ossification after patellar instability: a radiographic finding indicative of prior patella subluxation/dislocation. Skeletal Radiol 2009. [Epub ahead of print]. Jerabek SA, Asnis PD, Bredella MA, Ouellette HA, Poon SK, Gill TJ 4th. Medial patellar ossification after patellar instability: a radiographic finding indicative of prior patella subluxation/dislocation. Skeletal Radiol 2009. [Epub ahead of print].
25.
go back to reference Choi YS, Cohen NA, Potter HG, Mintz DN. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of osteochondritis dissecans of the patella. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36: 929–935.CrossRef Choi YS, Cohen NA, Potter HG, Mintz DN. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of osteochondritis dissecans of the patella. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36: 929–935.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Ghali A, James SL, Saifuddin A, Briggs TW. Bilateral osteochondrosis of the superior pole of the patellae in association with bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle. Clin Radiol 2008; 63: 478–482.CrossRef Ghali A, James SL, Saifuddin A, Briggs TW. Bilateral osteochondrosis of the superior pole of the patellae in association with bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle. Clin Radiol 2008; 63: 478–482.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Carneiro M, Nery CA, Mestriner LA. Bilateral stress fracture of the patellae: a case report. Knee 2006; 13: 164–166.CrossRef Carneiro M, Nery CA, Mestriner LA. Bilateral stress fracture of the patellae: a case report. Knee 2006; 13: 164–166.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Crowther MA, Mandal A, Sarangi PP. Propagation of stress fracture of the patella. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: e6.CrossRef Crowther MA, Mandal A, Sarangi PP. Propagation of stress fracture of the patella. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: e6.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Roy DR. Osteomyelitis of the patella. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; 389: 30–34.CrossRef Roy DR. Osteomyelitis of the patella. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; 389: 30–34.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Choi HR. Patellar osteomyelitis presenting as prepatellar bursitis. Knee 2007; 14: 333–335.CrossRef Choi HR. Patellar osteomyelitis presenting as prepatellar bursitis. Knee 2007; 14: 333–335.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Durani Y, Attia MW. An unusual case of knee pain. Pediatr Emerg Care 2006; 22: 426–429.CrossRef Durani Y, Attia MW. An unusual case of knee pain. Pediatr Emerg Care 2006; 22: 426–429.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Kankate RK, Selvan TP. Primary haematogenous osteomyelitis of the patella: a rare cause for anterior knee pain in an adult. Postgrad Med J 2000; 76: 707–709.CrossRef Kankate RK, Selvan TP. Primary haematogenous osteomyelitis of the patella: a rare cause for anterior knee pain in an adult. Postgrad Med J 2000; 76: 707–709.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Miller WB, Murphy WA, Gilula LA, Kantor OS. Brodie’s abscess of the patella. JAMA 1977; 238: 1179–1180.CrossRef Miller WB, Murphy WA, Gilula LA, Kantor OS. Brodie’s abscess of the patella. JAMA 1977; 238: 1179–1180.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Mittal R, Trikha V, Rastogi S. Tuberculosis of patella. Knee 2006; 13: 54–56.CrossRef Mittal R, Trikha V, Rastogi S. Tuberculosis of patella. Knee 2006; 13: 54–56.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Patel NM, Weiner SD, Senior M. Squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis of the patella. Orthopedics 2002; 25: 334–336.PubMed Patel NM, Weiner SD, Senior M. Squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis of the patella. Orthopedics 2002; 25: 334–336.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Saglik Y, Yildiz Y, Basarir K, Tezen E, Güner D. Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the patella: a report of eight cases. Acta Orthop Belg 2008; 74: 391–396.PubMed Saglik Y, Yildiz Y, Basarir K, Tezen E, Güner D. Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the patella: a report of eight cases. Acta Orthop Belg 2008; 74: 391–396.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Bhagat S, Sharma H, Bansal M, Reid R. Presentation and outcome of primary tumors of the patella. J Knee Surg 2008; 21: 212–216.CrossRef Bhagat S, Sharma H, Bansal M, Reid R. Presentation and outcome of primary tumors of the patella. J Knee Surg 2008; 21: 212–216.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Singh J, James SL, Kroon HM, Woertler K, Anderson SE, Davies AM. Tumour and tumour-like lesions of the patella—a multicentre experience. Eur Radiol 2009; 19: 701–712.CrossRef Singh J, James SL, Kroon HM, Woertler K, Anderson SE, Davies AM. Tumour and tumour-like lesions of the patella—a multicentre experience. Eur Radiol 2009; 19: 701–712.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Cha S, Schultz E, McHeffey-Atkinson B, Sherr D. Malignant lymphoma involving the patella. Skeletal Radiol 1996; 25: 783–785.CrossRef Cha S, Schultz E, McHeffey-Atkinson B, Sherr D. Malignant lymphoma involving the patella. Skeletal Radiol 1996; 25: 783–785.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Araujo CR Jr, Montandon S, Montandon C, Teixeira KI, Moraes FB, Moreira MA. Best cases from the AFIP: dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the patella. Radiographics 2006; 26: 581–586.CrossRef Araujo CR Jr, Montandon S, Montandon C, Teixeira KI, Moraes FB, Moreira MA. Best cases from the AFIP: dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the patella. Radiographics 2006; 26: 581–586.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Smith SE, Murphey MD, Motamedi K, Mulligan ME, Resnik CS, Gannon FH. From the archives of the AFIP. Radiologic spectrum of Paget disease of bone and its complications with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002; 22: 1191–1216.CrossRef Smith SE, Murphey MD, Motamedi K, Mulligan ME, Resnik CS, Gannon FH. From the archives of the AFIP. Radiologic spectrum of Paget disease of bone and its complications with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002; 22: 1191–1216.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Stull MA, Moser RP Jr, Vinh TN, Kransdorf MJ, Callaghan JJ. Paget's disease of the patella. Skeletal Radiol 1990; 19: 407–410.CrossRef Stull MA, Moser RP Jr, Vinh TN, Kransdorf MJ, Callaghan JJ. Paget's disease of the patella. Skeletal Radiol 1990; 19: 407–410.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Amr R, Choudry Q. Monostotic Paget's disease of the patella. Bone 2006; 39: 1382–1384.CrossRef Amr R, Choudry Q. Monostotic Paget's disease of the patella. Bone 2006; 39: 1382–1384.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Jafri A, Burke J, Innes AR. Case study: bilateral avascular necrosis of patellae after inhaled steroid therapy. Knee 2005; 12: 235–237.CrossRef Jafri A, Burke J, Innes AR. Case study: bilateral avascular necrosis of patellae after inhaled steroid therapy. Knee 2005; 12: 235–237.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Theodorou SJ, Theodorou DJ, Resnick D. Osteonecrosis of the patella: diagnostic imaging perspective. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005; 29: 87–93.CrossRef Theodorou SJ, Theodorou DJ, Resnick D. Osteonecrosis of the patella: diagnostic imaging perspective. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005; 29: 87–93.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Focal lesions of the patella
Authors
B. Hedayati
A. Saifuddin
Publication date
01-08-2009
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Skeletal Radiology / Issue 8/2009
Print ISSN: 0364-2348
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2161
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-009-0699-5

Other articles of this Issue 8/2009

Skeletal Radiology 8/2009 Go to the issue

Test Yourself: Question

An unusual cause of forefoot pain