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Open Access 01-09-2021 | Filgrastim | Special Report

Imaging findings of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing tumors: a case series and review of the literature

Authors: Shigeshi Kohno, Akihiro Furuta, Shigeki Arizono, Koji Tokunaga, Sei Nakao, Masahiro Tanabe, Tatsuki R. Kataoka, Hiroyoshi Isoda, Kaori Togashi

Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology | Issue 9/2021

Abstract

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing tumors have an aggressive clinical course. Here, we report five cases of G-CSF-producing tumors and review the literature, focusing on imaging findings related to tumor-produced G-CSF. In addition to our cases, we identified 30 previous reports of G-CSF-producing tumors on which ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT, bone scintigraphy, or evaluation of bone marrow MR findings was performed. White blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, and serum interleukin-6 were elevated in all cases for which these parameters were measured. G-CSF-producing tumors presented large necrotic masses (mean diameter 83.2 mm, range 17–195 mm) with marked FDG uptake (mean maximum standardized uptake value: 20.09). Diffuse FDG uptake into the bone marrow was shown in 28 of the 31 cases in which FDG-PET/CT was performed. The signal intensity of bone marrow suggested marrow reconversion in all seven MRI-assessable cases. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated no significant uptake, except in two cases with bone metastases. Splenic FDG uptake was increased in 8 of 10 cases in which it was evaluated. These imaging findings may reflect the effects of tumor-produced G-CSF. The presence of G-CSF-producing tumors should be considered in patients with cancer who show these imaging findings and marked inflammatory features of unknown origin.

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Title: Imaging findings of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing tumors: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Shigeshi Kohno
Akihiro Furuta
Shigeki Arizono
Koji Tokunaga
Sei Nakao
Masahiro Tanabe
Tatsuki R. Kataoka
Hiroyoshi Isoda
Kaori Togashi
Publication date: 01-09-2021
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Keywords: Filgrastim
Positron Emission Tomography
Scintigraphy
Leukocytosis
Filgrastim
Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology / Issue 9/2021
Print ISSN: 1867-1071
Electronic ISSN: 1867-108X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-021-01130-8

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Imaging findings of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing tumors: a case series and review of the literature

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