Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 6/2010

01-11-2010

Fetal Epigenetic Mechanisms and Innate Immunity in Asthma

Authors: Petra Ina Pfefferle, Olaf Pinkenburg, Harald Renz

Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Issue 6/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Allergy and asthma are chronic inflammatory diseases that result from complex gene–environment interactions. Recent evidence points to the importance of prenatal and postnatal developmental processes in the maturation of balanced immune responses. Novel data indicate that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the development of T-helper–cell function. Environmental factors, including diesel exhaust particles, vitamins, and tobacco smoke, operate through such mechanisms. Furthermore, the role of environmental microbes provides another—and maybe an even more important—group of exogenous exposures that operate in this critical time frame. A better understanding of fetal immuno-maturation conditions will provide the basis for the development of novel allergo-protective clinical strategies.
Literature
1.
go back to reference • Martino DJ, Prescott SL: Silent mysteries: epigenetic paradigms could hold the key to conquering the epidemic of allergy and immune disease. Allergy 2010, 65:7–15. This is a cutting-edge review on the emerging field of epigenetics in asthma and allergy development.CrossRefPubMed • Martino DJ, Prescott SL: Silent mysteries: epigenetic paradigms could hold the key to conquering the epidemic of allergy and immune disease. Allergy 2010, 65:7–15. This is a cutting-edge review on the emerging field of epigenetics in asthma and allergy development.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Wilson AG: Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the inflammatory response and relevance to common diseases. J Periodontol 2008, 79:1514–1519.CrossRefPubMed Wilson AG: Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the inflammatory response and relevance to common diseases. J Periodontol 2008, 79:1514–1519.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Miller RL, Ho SM: Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 177:567–573.CrossRefPubMed Miller RL, Ho SM: Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 177:567–573.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Sanders VM: Epigenetic regulation of Th1 and Th2 cell development. Brain Behav Immun 2006, 20:317–324.CrossRefPubMed Sanders VM: Epigenetic regulation of Th1 and Th2 cell development. Brain Behav Immun 2006, 20:317–324.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Mullen AC, Hutchins AS, High FA, et al.: Hlx is induced by and genetically interacts with T-bet to promote heritable T(H)1 gene induction. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:652–658.PubMed Mullen AC, Hutchins AS, High FA, et al.: Hlx is induced by and genetically interacts with T-bet to promote heritable T(H)1 gene induction. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:652–658.PubMed
6.
go back to reference • Thomas RM, Chen C, Chunder N, et al.: Ikaros silences T-bet expression and interferon-gamma production during T helper 2 differentiation. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:2545–2553. This was an important experimental study that elucidated relevant mechanisms in T-cell lineage commitment and regulation of cytokine expression.CrossRefPubMed • Thomas RM, Chen C, Chunder N, et al.: Ikaros silences T-bet expression and interferon-gamma production during T helper 2 differentiation. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:2545–2553. This was an important experimental study that elucidated relevant mechanisms in T-cell lineage commitment and regulation of cytokine expression.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Jones B, Chen J: Inhibition of IFN-gamma transcription by site-specific methylation during T helper cell development. EMBO J 2006, 25:2443–2452.CrossRefPubMed Jones B, Chen J: Inhibition of IFN-gamma transcription by site-specific methylation during T helper cell development. EMBO J 2006, 25:2443–2452.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference White GP, Watt PM, Holt BJ, et al.: Differential patterns of methylation of the IFNgamma promoter at CpG and non-CpG sites underlie differences in IFN-gamma gene expression between human neonatal and adult CD. J Immunol 2002, 168:2820–2827.PubMed White GP, Watt PM, Holt BJ, et al.: Differential patterns of methylation of the IFNgamma promoter at CpG and non-CpG sites underlie differences in IFN-gamma gene expression between human neonatal and adult CD. J Immunol 2002, 168:2820–2827.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Yano S, Ghosh P, Kusaba H et al.: Effect of promoter methylation on the regulation of IFN-gamma gene during in vitro differentiation of human peripheral blood T cells into a Th2 population. J Immunol 2003, 171:2510–2516.PubMed Yano S, Ghosh P, Kusaba H et al.: Effect of promoter methylation on the regulation of IFN-gamma gene during in vitro differentiation of human peripheral blood T cells into a Th2 population. J Immunol 2003, 171:2510–2516.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Fields PE, Lee GR, Kim ST, et al.: Th2-specific chromatin remodeling and enhancer activity in the Th2 cytokine locus control region. Immunity 2004, 21:865–876.CrossRefPubMed Fields PE, Lee GR, Kim ST, et al.: Th2-specific chromatin remodeling and enhancer activity in the Th2 cytokine locus control region. Immunity 2004, 21:865–876.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Hewitt SL, High FA, Reiner SL, et al.: Nuclear repositioning marks the selective exclusion of lineage-inappropriate transcription factor loci during T helper cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2004, 34:3604–3613.CrossRefPubMed Hewitt SL, High FA, Reiner SL, et al.: Nuclear repositioning marks the selective exclusion of lineage-inappropriate transcription factor loci during T helper cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2004, 34:3604–3613.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Ansel KM, Djuretic I, Tanasa B, et al.: Regulation of Th2 differentiation and Il4 locus accessibility. Annu Rev Immunol 2006, 24:607–656.CrossRefPubMed Ansel KM, Djuretic I, Tanasa B, et al.: Regulation of Th2 differentiation and Il4 locus accessibility. Annu Rev Immunol 2006, 24:607–656.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Meng YY, Wilhelm M, Rull RP, et al.: Are frequent asthma symptoms among low-income individuals related to heavy traffic near homes, vulnerabilities, or both? Ann Epidemiol 2008, 18:343–350.CrossRefPubMed Meng YY, Wilhelm M, Rull RP, et al.: Are frequent asthma symptoms among low-income individuals related to heavy traffic near homes, vulnerabilities, or both? Ann Epidemiol 2008, 18:343–350.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Liu J, Ballaney M, Al-alem U, et al.: Combined inhaled diesel exhaust particles and allergen exposure alter methylation of T helper genes and IgE production in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2008, 102:76–81.CrossRefPubMed Liu J, Ballaney M, Al-alem U, et al.: Combined inhaled diesel exhaust particles and allergen exposure alter methylation of T helper genes and IgE production in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2008, 102:76–81.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Waterland RA, Jirtle RL: Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol 2003, 23:5293–5300.CrossRefPubMed Waterland RA, Jirtle RL: Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol 2003, 23:5293–5300.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference •• Hollingsworth JW, Maruoka S, Boon K, et al.: In utero supplementation with methyl donors enhances allergy airway disease in mice. J Clin Invest 2008, 118:3462–3469. This is an outstanding report that demonstrates the crucial influence of DNA methylation by diet on allergic airway inflammation.PubMed •• Hollingsworth JW, Maruoka S, Boon K, et al.: In utero supplementation with methyl donors enhances allergy airway disease in mice. J Clin Invest 2008, 118:3462–3469. This is an outstanding report that demonstrates the crucial influence of DNA methylation by diet on allergic airway inflammation.PubMed
17.
go back to reference • Perera F, Tang WY, Herbstman J, et al.: Relation of DNA methylation of 5′-CpG island of ACSL3 to transplacental exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma. PLoS One 2009, 4:e4488. This report provides the first insight into prenatal epigenetic modifications caused by inhalative pollutants.CrossRefPubMed • Perera F, Tang WY, Herbstman J, et al.: Relation of DNA methylation of 5′-CpG island of ACSL3 to transplacental exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma. PLoS One 2009, 4:e4488. This report provides the first insight into prenatal epigenetic modifications caused by inhalative pollutants.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Oddy WH, Pal S, Kusel MM, et al.: Atopy, eczema and breast milk fatty acids in a high-risk cohort of children followed from birth to 5 yr. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006, 17:4–10.CrossRefPubMed Oddy WH, Pal S, Kusel MM, et al.: Atopy, eczema and breast milk fatty acids in a high-risk cohort of children followed from birth to 5 yr. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006, 17:4–10.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Choudhry S, Taub M, Mei R, et al.: Genome-wide screen for asthma in Puerto Ricans: evidence for association with 5q23 region. Hum Genet 2008, 123:455–468.CrossRefPubMed Choudhry S, Taub M, Mei R, et al.: Genome-wide screen for asthma in Puerto Ricans: evidence for association with 5q23 region. Hum Genet 2008, 123:455–468.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Alati R, Al Mamun A, O’Callaghan M, et al.: In utero and postnatal maternal smoking and asthma in adolescence. Epidemiology 2006, 17:138–144.CrossRefPubMed Alati R, Al Mamun A, O’Callaghan M, et al.: In utero and postnatal maternal smoking and asthma in adolescence. Epidemiology 2006, 17:138–144.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Li YF, Langholz B, Salam MT, et al.: Maternal and grandmaternal smoking patterns are associated with early childhood asthma. Chest 2005, 127:1232–1241.CrossRefPubMed Li YF, Langholz B, Salam MT, et al.: Maternal and grandmaternal smoking patterns are associated with early childhood asthma. Chest 2005, 127:1232–1241.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Devereux G, Barker RN, Seaton A: Antenatal determinants of neonatal immune responses to allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32:43–50.CrossRefPubMed Devereux G, Barker RN, Seaton A: Antenatal determinants of neonatal immune responses to allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32:43–50.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Noakes PS, Holt PG, Prescott SL: Maternal smoking in pregnancy alters neonatal cytokine responses. Allergy 2003, 58:1053–1058.CrossRefPubMed Noakes PS, Holt PG, Prescott SL: Maternal smoking in pregnancy alters neonatal cytokine responses. Allergy 2003, 58:1053–1058.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Digel W, Lubbert M: DNA methylation disturbances as novel therapeutic target in lung cancer: preclinical and clinical results. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005, 55:1–11.CrossRefPubMed Digel W, Lubbert M: DNA methylation disturbances as novel therapeutic target in lung cancer: preclinical and clinical results. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005, 55:1–11.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference • von Mutius E, Radon K: Living on a farm: impact on asthma induction and clinical course. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2008, 28:631–647. This comprehensive review provides a complete overview on evidence of the farming effect.CrossRef • von Mutius E, Radon K: Living on a farm: impact on asthma induction and clinical course. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2008, 28:631–647. This comprehensive review provides a complete overview on evidence of the farming effect.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference • Pfefferle PI, Büchele G, Blümer N, et al.; PASTURE-Study Group: Cord blood cytokines are modulated by maternal farming activities and consumption of farm dairy products during pregnancy: the PASTURE study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:108.e1-3–115.e1-3. These data show for the first time that prenatal farming exposures are associated with specific cytokine patterns in cord blood. • Pfefferle PI, Büchele G, Blümer N, et al.; PASTURE-Study Group: Cord blood cytokines are modulated by maternal farming activities and consumption of farm dairy products during pregnancy: the PASTURE study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010, 125:108.e1-3–115.e1-3. These data show for the first time that prenatal farming exposures are associated with specific cytokine patterns in cord blood.
27.
go back to reference van Rijt LS, Jung S, Kleinjan A, et al.: In vivo depletion of lung CD11c+ dendritic cells during allergen challenge abrogates the characteristic features of asthma. J Exp Med 2005, 201:981–991.CrossRefPubMed van Rijt LS, Jung S, Kleinjan A, et al.: In vivo depletion of lung CD11c+ dendritic cells during allergen challenge abrogates the characteristic features of asthma. J Exp Med 2005, 201:981–991.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Schröder NW: The role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 9:38–43.CrossRefPubMed Schröder NW: The role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 9:38–43.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Bauer S, Müller T, Hamm S: Pattern recognition by Toll-like receptors. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009, 653:15–34.CrossRefPubMed Bauer S, Müller T, Hamm S: Pattern recognition by Toll-like receptors. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009, 653:15–34.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R: Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science 2010, 327:291–295.CrossRefPubMed Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R: Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science 2010, 327:291–295.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Harju K, Glumoff V, Hallman M: Ontogeny of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 in mice. Pediatr Res 2001, 9:81–83.CrossRef Harju K, Glumoff V, Hallman M: Ontogeny of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 in mice. Pediatr Res 2001, 9:81–83.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Blümer N, Herz U, Wegmann M, et al.: Prenatal lipopolysaccharide-exposure prevents allergic sensitization and airway inflammation, but not airway responsiveness in a murine model of experimental asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2005, 35:397–402.CrossRefPubMed Blümer N, Herz U, Wegmann M, et al.: Prenatal lipopolysaccharide-exposure prevents allergic sensitization and airway inflammation, but not airway responsiveness in a murine model of experimental asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2005, 35:397–402.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Cao L, Wang J, Zhu Y, et al.: Maternal endotoxin exposure attenuate allergic airway disease in infant rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010 Jan 29 (Epub ahead of print). Cao L, Wang J, Zhu Y, et al.: Maternal endotoxin exposure attenuate allergic airway disease in infant rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010 Jan 29 (Epub ahead of print).
34.
go back to reference Debarry J, Garn H, Hanuszkiewicz A, et al.: Acinetobacter lwoffii and Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from farm cowsheds possess strong allergy-protective properties. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:1514–1521.CrossRefPubMed Debarry J, Garn H, Hanuszkiewicz A, et al.: Acinetobacter lwoffii and Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from farm cowsheds possess strong allergy-protective properties. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:1514–1521.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference •• Conrad ML, Ferstl R, Teich R, et al.: Maternal TLR signaling is required for prenatal asthma protection by the nonpathogenic microbe Acinetobacter lwoffii F78. J Exp Med 2009, 206:2869–2877. This report provides the first hints on the mechanisms regarding how microbial allergy protection is mediated by the mother to the progeny in utero and describes the importance of the maternal TLR system in this context.CrossRefPubMed •• Conrad ML, Ferstl R, Teich R, et al.: Maternal TLR signaling is required for prenatal asthma protection by the nonpathogenic microbe Acinetobacter lwoffii F78. J Exp Med 2009, 206:2869–2877. This report provides the first hints on the mechanisms regarding how microbial allergy protection is mediated by the mother to the progeny in utero and describes the importance of the maternal TLR system in this context.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Schabussova I, Wiedermann U: Lactic acid bacteria as novel adjuvant systems for prevention and treatment of atopic diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 8:557–564.CrossRefPubMed Schabussova I, Wiedermann U: Lactic acid bacteria as novel adjuvant systems for prevention and treatment of atopic diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 8:557–564.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Hart AL, Lammers K, Brigidi P, et al.: Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria. Gut 2004, 53:1602–1609.CrossRefPubMed Hart AL, Lammers K, Brigidi P, et al.: Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria. Gut 2004, 53:1602–1609.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Blümer N, Sel S, Virna S, et al.: Perinatal maternal application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG suppresses allergic airway inflammation in mouse offspring. Clin Exp Allergy 2007, 37:348–357.CrossRefPubMed Blümer N, Sel S, Virna S, et al.: Perinatal maternal application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG suppresses allergic airway inflammation in mouse offspring. Clin Exp Allergy 2007, 37:348–357.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Lee J, Seto D, Bielory L: Meta-analysis of clinical trials of probiotics for prevention and treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 121:116.e11–121.e11. Lee J, Seto D, Bielory L: Meta-analysis of clinical trials of probiotics for prevention and treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 121:116.e11–121.e11.
40.
go back to reference Salfeld P, Kopp MV: Probiotics cannot be generally recommended for primary prevention of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 124:170.CrossRefPubMed Salfeld P, Kopp MV: Probiotics cannot be generally recommended for primary prevention of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 124:170.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Kitagaki K, Businga TR, Kline JN: Oral administration of CpG-ODNs suppresses antigen-induced asthma in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2006, 143:249–259.CrossRefPubMed Kitagaki K, Businga TR, Kline JN: Oral administration of CpG-ODNs suppresses antigen-induced asthma in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2006, 143:249–259.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Sel S, Wegmann M, Sel S, et al.: Immunomodulatory effects of viral TLR ligands on experimental asthma depend on the additive effects of IL-12 and IL-10. J Immunol 2007, 178:7805–7813.PubMed Sel S, Wegmann M, Sel S, et al.: Immunomodulatory effects of viral TLR ligands on experimental asthma depend on the additive effects of IL-12 and IL-10. J Immunol 2007, 178:7805–7813.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Flohr C, Quinnell RJ, Britton J: Do helminth parasites protect against atopy and allergic disease? Clin Exp Allergy 2009, 39:20–32.CrossRefPubMed Flohr C, Quinnell RJ, Britton J: Do helminth parasites protect against atopy and allergic disease? Clin Exp Allergy 2009, 39:20–32.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Djuardi Y, Wibowo H, Supali T, et al.: Determinants of the relationship between cytokine production in pregnant women and their infants. PLoS One 2009, 4:e7711.CrossRefPubMed Djuardi Y, Wibowo H, Supali T, et al.: Determinants of the relationship between cytokine production in pregnant women and their infants. PLoS One 2009, 4:e7711.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Guadalupe I, Mitre E, Benitez S, et al.: Evidence for in utero sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides in newborns of mothers with ascariasis. J Infect Dis 2009, 199:1846–1850.CrossRefPubMed Guadalupe I, Mitre E, Benitez S, et al.: Evidence for in utero sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides in newborns of mothers with ascariasis. J Infect Dis 2009, 199:1846–1850.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Schaub B, Campo M, He H, et al.: Neonatal immune responses to TLR2 stimulation: influence of maternal atopy on Foxp3 and IL-10 expression. Respir Res 2006, 7:40.CrossRefPubMed Schaub B, Campo M, He H, et al.: Neonatal immune responses to TLR2 stimulation: influence of maternal atopy on Foxp3 and IL-10 expression. Respir Res 2006, 7:40.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Prescott SL, Noakes P, Chow BW, et al.: Presymptomatic differences in Toll-like receptor function in infants who have allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 122:391–399.CrossRefPubMed Prescott SL, Noakes P, Chow BW, et al.: Presymptomatic differences in Toll-like receptor function in infants who have allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 122:391–399.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Wright RJ, Visness CM, Calatroni A, et al.: Prenatal maternal stress and cord blood innate and adaptive cytokine responses in an inner-city cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010, 182:25–33.CrossRefPubMed Wright RJ, Visness CM, Calatroni A, et al.: Prenatal maternal stress and cord blood innate and adaptive cytokine responses in an inner-city cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010, 182:25–33.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Gold DR, Bloomberg GR, Cruikshank WW, et al.: Parental characteristics, somatic fetal growth, and season of birth influence innate and adaptive cord blood cytokine responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 124:1078–1087.CrossRefPubMed Gold DR, Bloomberg GR, Cruikshank WW, et al.: Parental characteristics, somatic fetal growth, and season of birth influence innate and adaptive cord blood cytokine responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 124:1078–1087.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Yamamoto S, Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe, Yoshida Y, et al.: Children’s immunology, what can we learn from animal studies (2): Modulation of systemic Th1/Th2 immune response in infant mice after prenatal exposure to low-level toluene and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand. J Toxicol Sci 2009, 34(Suppl 2):SP341–SP348. Yamamoto S, Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe, Yoshida Y, et al.: Children’s immunology, what can we learn from animal studies (2): Modulation of systemic Th1/Th2 immune response in infant mice after prenatal exposure to low-level toluene and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand. J Toxicol Sci 2009, 34(Suppl 2):SP341–SP348.
Metadata
Title
Fetal Epigenetic Mechanisms and Innate Immunity in Asthma
Authors
Petra Ina Pfefferle
Olaf Pinkenburg
Harald Renz
Publication date
01-11-2010
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Issue 6/2010
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-010-0147-6

Other articles of this Issue 6/2010

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 6/2010 Go to the issue