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07-07-2023 | Fatigue | Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article

The DS-14 questionnaire: psychometric characteristics and utility in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Authors: Sonia De Weerdt, Christiaan Schotte, Kurt Barbé, Sylvia Verbanck, Johan Verbraecken

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Little is known about type D personality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The DS-14 questionnaire is the standard tool to assess this personality type, but it has not been properly validated in patients with OSA, nor has it been correlated with clinical features in these patients.

Purpose

To determine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the DS-14 questionnaire, as well as the prevalence of type D personality in the overall OSA sample and subgroups. We assessed the influence of type D on perceived symptoms and its congruence with self-reported measures of personality, depression, fatigue, anxiety, quality of life, and quality of sleep.

Methods

Patients with OSA completed the DS-14 questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-2 questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index, Fatigue Assessment Scale, and Checklist Individual Strength. After 1 month, the DS-14 questionnaire was repeated.

Results

The overall prevalence of type D personality was 32%. Internal consistency (negative affectivity: α = 0.880, social inhibition: α = 0.851) and diagnostic test-retest reliability (kappa value = 0.664) of the DS-14 questionnaire were high. Significantly more symptoms of anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, fatigue, and a worse health perception were found in OSA with type D. Neither OSA severity nor REM predominance altered these observations.

Conclusion

The DS-14 questionnaire showed excellent psychometric properties in patients with OSA. The prevalence of type D personality in patients with OSA was higher than in the general population. The presence of type D personality was associated with higher symptom burden.

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Title: The DS-14 questionnaire: psychometric characteristics and utility in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sonia De Weerdt
Christiaan Schotte
Kurt Barbé
Sylvia Verbanck
Johan Verbraecken
Publication date: 07-07-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Fatigue
Mood Disorders
Affective Disorder
Anxiety
Insomnia
Sleep Apnea
Published in: Sleep and Breathing / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-023-02859-4

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