Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Religion and Health 2/2013

01-06-2013 | Orginal Paper

Faith, Premarital Sex and Relationships: Are Church Messages in Accordance with the Perceived Realities of the Youth? A Qualitative Study in KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa

Authors: Elisabet Eriksson, Gunilla Lindmark, Pia Axemo, Beverley Haddad, Beth Maina Ahlberg

Published in: Journal of Religion and Health | Issue 2/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Since religious messages on life style have a strong impact in South Africa, it is important to assess how they relate to the situation for young people at risk of HIV infection. Nine focus group discussions were conducted with youth (n = 62), aged 13–20 years, from the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Assemblies of God. Young people were ambivalent toward sexual contacts since these generally were expected to be part of a relationship even though the church condemns premarital sex. Girls perceived the moral norms to concern them more than the boys for whom sexual needs were more accepted. These moral barriers lead to lack of information about protection and may increase the risk of HIV. The realities young people facing should be a major concern for the faith communities.
Literature
go back to reference Agha, S., Hutchinson, P., & Kusanthan, T. (2006). The effects of religious affiliation on sexual initiation and condom use in Zambia. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(2006), 550–555.PubMedCrossRef Agha, S., Hutchinson, P., & Kusanthan, T. (2006). The effects of religious affiliation on sexual initiation and condom use in Zambia. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(2006), 550–555.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Assemblies of God South Africa. (2009). Policy document on HIV/AIDS. Durban: Assemblies of God. Assemblies of God South Africa. (2009). Policy document on HIV/AIDS. Durban: Assemblies of God.
go back to reference Campbell, C., Gibbs, A., Maimane, S., Nair, Y., & Sibiya, Z. (2009). Youth participation in the fight against AIDS in South Africa: From policy to practice. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(1), 93–109.CrossRef Campbell, C., Gibbs, A., Maimane, S., Nair, Y., & Sibiya, Z. (2009). Youth participation in the fight against AIDS in South Africa: From policy to practice. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(1), 93–109.CrossRef
go back to reference Cochrane, J. R. (2006). Understanding religious health assets for public health systems. Tübingen, Germany Difäm—German Institute for Medical Mission, Verlag Difäm, Tübingen. Cochrane, J. R. (2006). Understanding religious health assets for public health systems. Tübingen, Germany Difäm—German Institute for Medical Mission, Verlag Difäm, Tübingen.
go back to reference Dahlberg, L. L., & Krug, E. G. (2002). Violence-a global public health problem. In E. G. Krug, L. L. Dahlberg, J. A. Mercy, A. B. Zwi, & R. Lozano (Eds.), World report on violence and health. Geneva: Word Health Organization. Dahlberg, L. L., & Krug, E. G. (2002). Violence-a global public health problem. In E. G. Krug, L. L. Dahlberg, J. A. Mercy, A. B. Zwi, & R. Lozano (Eds.), World report on violence and health. Geneva: Word Health Organization.
go back to reference Diakonia Council of Churches. (2008). Churches committing to an AIDS-free society. Report on the Diakonia Council of Churches HIV and AIDS Summit Sierra Ranch, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Durban: Diakonia Council of Churches. Diakonia Council of Churches. (2008). Churches committing to an AIDS-free society. Report on the Diakonia Council of Churches HIV and AIDS Summit Sierra Ranch, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Durban: Diakonia Council of Churches.
go back to reference Eaton, L., Flisher, A. J., & Aarø, L. E. (2003). Unsafe sexual behavior in South African youth. Social Science and Medicine, 56(1), 149–165.PubMedCrossRef Eaton, L., Flisher, A. J., & Aarø, L. E. (2003). Unsafe sexual behavior in South African youth. Social Science and Medicine, 56(1), 149–165.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference ELCSA. (2004). Proposed HIV/AIDS policy. Mapumulo: Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa. ELCSA. (2004). Proposed HIV/AIDS policy. Mapumulo: Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa.
go back to reference Eriksson, E., Lindmark, G., Axemo, P., Haddad, B., & Ahlberg, B. M. (2010). Ambivalence, silence and gender differences in church leaders’ HIV-prevention messages to young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(1), 103–114.CrossRef Eriksson, E., Lindmark, G., Axemo, P., Haddad, B., & Ahlberg, B. M. (2010). Ambivalence, silence and gender differences in church leaders’ HIV-prevention messages to young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(1), 103–114.CrossRef
go back to reference Farley, A. M. (2007). The Yale Divinity School Women’s Initiative on AIDS. In R. Gill (Ed.), Reflecting theologically on AIDS a global challenge (pp. 139–151). London: SCM Press. Farley, A. M. (2007). The Yale Divinity School Women’s Initiative on AIDS. In R. Gill (Ed.), Reflecting theologically on AIDS a global challenge (pp. 139–151). London: SCM Press.
go back to reference Francis, S. A. (2009). A review of faith-based HIV prevention programs. Journal of Religion and Health, 48, 6–15.PubMedCrossRef Francis, S. A. (2009). A review of faith-based HIV prevention programs. Journal of Religion and Health, 48, 6–15.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Garner, R. C. (2000). Safe sects? Dynamic religion and AIDS in South Africa. Journal of Modern African Studies, 38(1), 41–69.PubMedCrossRef Garner, R. C. (2000). Safe sects? Dynamic religion and AIDS in South Africa. Journal of Modern African Studies, 38(1), 41–69.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gilbert, L., & Walker, L. (2002). Treading the path of least resistance: HIV/AIDS and social inequalities—a South African case study. Social Science and Medicine, 54(7), 1093–1110.PubMedCrossRef Gilbert, L., & Walker, L. (2002). Treading the path of least resistance: HIV/AIDS and social inequalities—a South African case study. Social Science and Medicine, 54(7), 1093–1110.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Harrison, A. (2008). Hidden love: Sexual ideologies and relationship ideals among rural South African adolescents in the context of HIV/AIDS. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 10(2), 175–189.CrossRef Harrison, A. (2008). Hidden love: Sexual ideologies and relationship ideals among rural South African adolescents in the context of HIV/AIDS. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 10(2), 175–189.CrossRef
go back to reference Hendriks, J., & Erasmus, J. (2005). Religion in South Africa: The 2001 population census data. Journal of Theology for Southern Africa, 121(March 2005), 88–111. Hendriks, J., & Erasmus, J. (2005). Religion in South Africa: The 2001 population census data. Journal of Theology for Southern Africa, 121(March 2005), 88–111.
go back to reference Hollway, W. (1989). Subjectivity and method in psychology: Gender meaning and science. London: Sage. Hollway, W. (1989). Subjectivity and method in psychology: Gender meaning and science. London: Sage.
go back to reference INERELA+ (Oct 9, 2008) International network of religious leaders—lay and ordained, women and men—living with, or personally affected, by HIV. September 1, 2008, from http://www.inerela.org. INERELA+ (Oct 9, 2008) International network of religious leaders—lay and ordained, women and men—living with, or personally affected, by HIV. September 1, 2008, from http://​www.​inerela.​org.
go back to reference Jewkes, R., Morrell, R., & Christofides, N. (2009). Empowering teenagers to prevent pregnancy: Lessons from South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 11(7), 675–688.CrossRef Jewkes, R., Morrell, R., & Christofides, N. (2009). Empowering teenagers to prevent pregnancy: Lessons from South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 11(7), 675–688.CrossRef
go back to reference Jones, R. K., Darroch, J. E., & Singh, S. (2004). Religious differentials in the sexual and reproductive behaviors of young women in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(2005), 279–288. Jones, R. K., Darroch, J. E., & Singh, S. (2004). Religious differentials in the sexual and reproductive behaviors of young women in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(2005), 279–288.
go back to reference Krueger, R. A. (1988). Focus groups a practical guide for applied research. London: Sage publications, Inc. Krueger, R. A. (1988). Focus groups a practical guide for applied research. London: Sage publications, Inc.
go back to reference Paterson, G. (2007). Escaping the gender trap: Unravelling patriarchy in a time of AIDS. International Journal for Theology, 3, 102–111. Paterson, G. (2007). Escaping the gender trap: Unravelling patriarchy in a time of AIDS. International Journal for Theology, 3, 102–111.
go back to reference Paterson, G. (2009). HIV prevention a global theological conversation. Geneva: Ecumenical Advocacy Allience. Paterson, G. (2009). HIV prevention a global theological conversation. Geneva: Ecumenical Advocacy Allience.
go back to reference Pattman, R. (2005). ‘Boys and Girls should not be too Close’: Sexuality, the identities of African boys and girls and HIV/AIDS education. Sexualities, 8, 497–516.CrossRef Pattman, R. (2005). ‘Boys and Girls should not be too Close’: Sexuality, the identities of African boys and girls and HIV/AIDS education. Sexualities, 8, 497–516.CrossRef
go back to reference Reddy, S., & Dunne, M. (2007). Risking it: Young heterosexual femininities in South African context of HIV/AIDS. Sexualities, 10(Apr), 159–172. Reddy, S., & Dunne, M. (2007). Risking it: Young heterosexual femininities in South African context of HIV/AIDS. Sexualities, 10(Apr), 159–172.
go back to reference Santelli, J., Ott, M. A., Lyon, M., Rogers, J., & Summers, D. (2006). Abstinence-only education policies and programs: A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(1), 83–87.PubMedCrossRef Santelli, J., Ott, M. A., Lyon, M., Rogers, J., & Summers, D. (2006). Abstinence-only education policies and programs: A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(1), 83–87.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shefer, T., Crawford, M., Strebel, A., Simbayi, L. C., Dwadwa-Henda, N., Cloete, A., et al. (2008). Gender, power and resistance to change among two communities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Feminism Psychology, 18, 157–182.CrossRef Shefer, T., Crawford, M., Strebel, A., Simbayi, L. C., Dwadwa-Henda, N., Cloete, A., et al. (2008). Gender, power and resistance to change among two communities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Feminism Psychology, 18, 157–182.CrossRef
go back to reference Shisana, O., Rehle, T. M., Simbayi, L. C., Parker, W., Zuma, K., Connolly, C., et al. (2005). South African national HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, behavior and communication survey. Cape Town: HSRC Press. Shisana, O., Rehle, T. M., Simbayi, L. C., Parker, W., Zuma, K., Connolly, C., et al. (2005). South African national HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, behavior and communication survey. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
go back to reference Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Zuma, K., Jooste, S., & Pillay-van-Wyk, V., et al. (2009). South African national prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey, 2008. A turning tide among teenagers? Cape Town: HSRC Press. Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Zuma, K., Jooste, S., & Pillay-van-Wyk, V., et al. (2009). South African national prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey, 2008. A turning tide among teenagers? Cape Town: HSRC Press.
go back to reference Smith, D. J. (2004). Youth, sin and sex in Nigeria: Christianity and HIV/AIDS-related beliefs and behavior among rural–urban migrants. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 6(5), 425–437.CrossRef Smith, D. J. (2004). Youth, sin and sex in Nigeria: Christianity and HIV/AIDS-related beliefs and behavior among rural–urban migrants. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 6(5), 425–437.CrossRef
go back to reference Statistics South Africa. (2001). Census 2001. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. Statistics South Africa. (2001). Census 2001. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
go back to reference Statistics South Africa. (2008). Mid-year population estimates 2008. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. Statistics South Africa. (2008). Mid-year population estimates 2008. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
go back to reference Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
go back to reference Thorne, S. (2008). Interpretive description. Walnut Creek: California Left Coast Press, Inc. Thorne, S. (2008). Interpretive description. Walnut Creek: California Left Coast Press, Inc.
go back to reference UNAIDS. (2009). Partnership with faith-based organizations UNAIDS strategic framework. Geneva: UNAIDS. UNAIDS. (2009). Partnership with faith-based organizations UNAIDS strategic framework. Geneva: UNAIDS.
go back to reference UNESCO. (2009). International guidelines on sexuality education: An evidence informed approach to effective sex, relationships and HIV/STI education. Paris: UNESCO. UNESCO. (2009). International guidelines on sexuality education: An evidence informed approach to effective sex, relationships and HIV/STI education. Paris: UNESCO.
go back to reference Wood, K., Maforah, F., & Jewkes, R. (1998). “He forced me to love him”: putting violence on adolescent sexual health agendas. Social Science & Medicine, 47(2), 233–242.CrossRef Wood, K., Maforah, F., & Jewkes, R. (1998). “He forced me to love him”: putting violence on adolescent sexual health agendas. Social Science & Medicine, 47(2), 233–242.CrossRef
go back to reference Wubs, A. G., Aaro, L. E., Flisher, A. J., Bastien, S., Onya, H. E., Kaaya, S., et al. (2009). Dating violence among school students in Tanzania and South Africa: Prevalence and socio-demographic variations. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 75–86. doi:10.1177/1403494808091343.PubMedCrossRef Wubs, A. G., Aaro, L. E., Flisher, A. J., Bastien, S., Onya, H. E., Kaaya, S., et al. (2009). Dating violence among school students in Tanzania and South Africa: Prevalence and socio-demographic variations. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 75–86. doi:10.​1177/​1403494808091343​.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Faith, Premarital Sex and Relationships: Are Church Messages in Accordance with the Perceived Realities of the Youth? A Qualitative Study in KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa
Authors
Elisabet Eriksson
Gunilla Lindmark
Pia Axemo
Beverley Haddad
Beth Maina Ahlberg
Publication date
01-06-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Religion and Health / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9491-7

Other articles of this Issue 2/2013

Journal of Religion and Health 2/2013 Go to the issue