Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Urogynecology Journal 10/2010

01-10-2010 | Original Article

Faecal incontinence after first instrumental vaginal delivery using Thierry’s spatulas

Authors: Olivier Parant, Caroline Simon-Toulza, Christelle Cristini, Christophe Vayssiere, Catherine Arnaud, Jean-Michel Reme

Published in: International Urogynecology Journal | Issue 10/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of faecal incontinence after first vaginal delivery and to assess the impact of Thierry’s spatulas-assisted delivery.

Methods

A prospective observational study of primiparas who underwent a vaginal delivery at term was conducted. Faecal incontinence was assessed at 2 and 6 months postpartum by a questionnaire (Wexner score ≥5 was considered significant). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Five hundred thirty-eight women were recruited with undergoing 176 spatulas-assisted deliveries and 362 spontaneous vaginal deliveries. The response rate was 85.9% (2 months) and 80.5% (6 months). The prevalence of faecal incontinence was similar between the two groups at 2 months (14.3% and 9.7%). Episiotomy (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0) and maternal age over 35 years (OR = 4.1) were independently associated with faecal incontinence after adjustment.

Conclusions

Anal symptoms are common after the first vaginal delivery. Thierry’s spatulas do not increase the prevalence of faecal incontinence after delivery given that an episiotomy is performed.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Faltin DL, Sangalli MR, Curtin F, Morabia A, Weil A (2001) Prevalence of anal incontinence and other anorectal symptoms in women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 12:117–120CrossRefPubMed Faltin DL, Sangalli MR, Curtin F, Morabia A, Weil A (2001) Prevalence of anal incontinence and other anorectal symptoms in women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 12:117–120CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI (1993) Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 329:1905–1911CrossRefPubMed Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI (1993) Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 329:1905–1911CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Sander P, Bjarnesen J, Mouritsen L, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A (1999) Anal incontinence after obstetric third-/fourth-degree laceration. One-year follow-up after pelvic floor exercises. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 10:177–181CrossRefPubMed Sander P, Bjarnesen J, Mouritsen L, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A (1999) Anal incontinence after obstetric third-/fourth-degree laceration. One-year follow-up after pelvic floor exercises. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 10:177–181CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference MacArthur C, Bick DE, Keighley MR (1997) Faecal incontinence after childbirth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:46–50PubMed MacArthur C, Bick DE, Keighley MR (1997) Faecal incontinence after childbirth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:46–50PubMed
5.
go back to reference Benifla JL, Abramowitz L, Sobhani I, Ganansia R, Darai E, Mignon M, Madelenat P (2000) Postpartum sphincter rupture and anal incontinence: prospective study with 259 patients. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 28:15–22PubMed Benifla JL, Abramowitz L, Sobhani I, Ganansia R, Darai E, Mignon M, Madelenat P (2000) Postpartum sphincter rupture and anal incontinence: prospective study with 259 patients. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 28:15–22PubMed
6.
go back to reference Mazouni C, Bretelle F, Battar S, Bonnier P, Gamerre M (2005) Frequency of persistent anal symptoms after first instrumental delivery. Dis Colon Rectum 48:1432–1436CrossRefPubMed Mazouni C, Bretelle F, Battar S, Bonnier P, Gamerre M (2005) Frequency of persistent anal symptoms after first instrumental delivery. Dis Colon Rectum 48:1432–1436CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Simon-Toulza C, Parant O (2008) Spatulas: description, obstetrical mechanics, indications and contra-indications. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 37:S222–S230 Simon-Toulza C, Parant O (2008) Spatulas: description, obstetrical mechanics, indications and contra-indications. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 37:S222–S230
8.
go back to reference Mazouni C, Bretelle F, Collette E, Heckenroth H, Bonnier P, Gamerre M (2005) Maternal and neonatal morbidity after first vaginal delivery using Thierry's spatulas. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 45:405–409CrossRefPubMed Mazouni C, Bretelle F, Collette E, Heckenroth H, Bonnier P, Gamerre M (2005) Maternal and neonatal morbidity after first vaginal delivery using Thierry's spatulas. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 45:405–409CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference de Troyer J, Bouvenot J, d'Ercole C, Boubli L (2005) Instrumental extraction with Thierry's spatula: 166 cases. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 34:795–801 de Troyer J, Bouvenot J, d'Ercole C, Boubli L (2005) Instrumental extraction with Thierry's spatula: 166 cases. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 34:795–801
10.
go back to reference Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2004) Methods and materials used in perineal repair. RCOG Guideline No. 23. RCOG Press, London Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2004) Methods and materials used in perineal repair. RCOG Guideline No. 23. RCOG Press, London
11.
go back to reference Jorge JMN, Wexner SD (1993) Aetiology and management of faecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 36:77–97CrossRefPubMed Jorge JMN, Wexner SD (1993) Aetiology and management of faecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 36:77–97CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Zetterstrom JP, Lopez A, Anzen B, Dolk A, Norman M, Mellgren A (1999) Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: a prospective study in primiparous women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106:324–330PubMed Zetterstrom JP, Lopez A, Anzen B, Dolk A, Norman M, Mellgren A (1999) Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: a prospective study in primiparous women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106:324–330PubMed
13.
go back to reference Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI (1994) Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ 308:887–891PubMed Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI (1994) Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ 308:887–891PubMed
14.
go back to reference Eason E, Labrecque M, Marcoux S, Mondor M (2002) Anal incontinence after childbirth. CMAJ 166:326–330PubMed Eason E, Labrecque M, Marcoux S, Mondor M (2002) Anal incontinence after childbirth. CMAJ 166:326–330PubMed
15.
go back to reference Pretlove SJ, Radley S, Toozs-Hobson PM, Thompson PJ, Coomarasamy A, Khan KS (2006) Prevalence of anal incontinence according to age and gender: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 17:407–417CrossRefPubMed Pretlove SJ, Radley S, Toozs-Hobson PM, Thompson PJ, Coomarasamy A, Khan KS (2006) Prevalence of anal incontinence according to age and gender: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 17:407–417CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Vaizey CJ, Capareti E, Cahill JA, Kamm MA (1999) Prospective comparison of fecal incontinence grading systems. Gut 44:77–80CrossRefPubMed Vaizey CJ, Capareti E, Cahill JA, Kamm MA (1999) Prospective comparison of fecal incontinence grading systems. Gut 44:77–80CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Guise JM, Morris C, Osterweil P, Hong L, Rosenberg D, Greenlick M (2007) Incidence of postpartum fecal incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 109:281–288PubMed Guise JM, Morris C, Osterweil P, Hong L, Rosenberg D, Greenlick M (2007) Incidence of postpartum fecal incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 109:281–288PubMed
18.
go back to reference Mahony R, Behan M, Daly L, Kirwan C, O'Herlihy C, O’Connell PR (2007) Internal anal sphincter defect influences continence outcome following obstetric anal sphincter injury. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196(217):e1–e5PubMed Mahony R, Behan M, Daly L, Kirwan C, O'Herlihy C, O’Connell PR (2007) Internal anal sphincter defect influences continence outcome following obstetric anal sphincter injury. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196(217):e1–e5PubMed
19.
go back to reference Pretlove SJ, Thompson PJ, Toozs-Hobson PM, Radley S, Khan KS (2008) Does the mode of delivery predispose women to anal incontinence in the first year postpartum? A comparative systematic review. BJOG 115:421–434CrossRefPubMed Pretlove SJ, Thompson PJ, Toozs-Hobson PM, Radley S, Khan KS (2008) Does the mode of delivery predispose women to anal incontinence in the first year postpartum? A comparative systematic review. BJOG 115:421–434CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Fenner DE, Genberg B, Brahma P, Marek L, DeLancey JO (2003) Fecal and urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery with anal sphincter disruption in an obstetrics unit in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:1543–1549CrossRefPubMed Fenner DE, Genberg B, Brahma P, Marek L, DeLancey JO (2003) Fecal and urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery with anal sphincter disruption in an obstetrics unit in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:1543–1549CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Pollack J, Nordenstam J, Brismar S, Lopez A, Altman D, Zetterstrom J (2004) Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: a five-year prospective cohort study. Obstet Gynecol 104:1397–1402PubMed Pollack J, Nordenstam J, Brismar S, Lopez A, Altman D, Zetterstrom J (2004) Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: a five-year prospective cohort study. Obstet Gynecol 104:1397–1402PubMed
22.
go back to reference Bofill JA, Rust OA, Schorr SJ, Brown RC, Martin RW, Martin JN Jr, Morrison JC (1996) A randomized prospective trial of the obstetric forceps versus the M-cup vacuum extractor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:1325–1330CrossRefPubMed Bofill JA, Rust OA, Schorr SJ, Brown RC, Martin RW, Martin JN Jr, Morrison JC (1996) A randomized prospective trial of the obstetric forceps versus the M-cup vacuum extractor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:1325–1330CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference de Leeuw JW, de Wit C, Kuijken JP, Bruinse HW (2008) Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery. BJOG 115:104–108PubMed de Leeuw JW, de Wit C, Kuijken JP, Bruinse HW (2008) Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery. BJOG 115:104–108PubMed
24.
go back to reference Oberwalder M, Connor J, Wexner SD (2003) Meta-analysis to determine the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter damage. Br J Surg 90:1333–1337CrossRefPubMed Oberwalder M, Connor J, Wexner SD (2003) Meta-analysis to determine the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter damage. Br J Surg 90:1333–1337CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Snooks SJ, Henry MM, Swash M (1985) Faecal incontinence due to external anal sphincter division in childbirth is associated with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature: a double pathology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92:824–828PubMed Snooks SJ, Henry MM, Swash M (1985) Faecal incontinence due to external anal sphincter division in childbirth is associated with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature: a double pathology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92:824–828PubMed
26.
go back to reference Peschers UM, Sultan AH, Jundt K, Mayer A, Drinovac V, Dimpfl T (2003) Urinary and anal incontinence after vacuum delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 110:39–42CrossRefPubMed Peschers UM, Sultan AH, Jundt K, Mayer A, Drinovac V, Dimpfl T (2003) Urinary and anal incontinence after vacuum delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 110:39–42CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Meyer S, Hohlfeld P, Achtari C, Russolo A, De Grandi P (2000) Birth trauma: short and long term effects of forceps delivery compared with spontaneous delivery on various pelvic floor parameters. BJOG 107:1360–1365CrossRefPubMed Meyer S, Hohlfeld P, Achtari C, Russolo A, De Grandi P (2000) Birth trauma: short and long term effects of forceps delivery compared with spontaneous delivery on various pelvic floor parameters. BJOG 107:1360–1365CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Hatem M, Pasquier JC, Fraser W, Lepire E (2007) Factors associated with postpartum urinary/anal incontinence in primiparous women in Quebec. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29:232–239PubMed Hatem M, Pasquier JC, Fraser W, Lepire E (2007) Factors associated with postpartum urinary/anal incontinence in primiparous women in Quebec. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29:232–239PubMed
29.
go back to reference College National de Gynecolegues et Obstetriciens Français (2006) Episiotomy: recommendations of the CNGOF for clinical practice (December 2005). Gynecol Obstet Fertil 34:275–279CrossRef College National de Gynecolegues et Obstetriciens Français (2006) Episiotomy: recommendations of the CNGOF for clinical practice (December 2005). Gynecol Obstet Fertil 34:275–279CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Murphy DJ, Macleod M, Bahl R, Goyder K, Howarth L, Strachan B (2008) A randomised controlled trial of routine versus restrictive use of episiotomy at operative vaginal delivery: a multicentre pilot study. BJOG 115:1695–1702CrossRefPubMed Murphy DJ, Macleod M, Bahl R, Goyder K, Howarth L, Strachan B (2008) A randomised controlled trial of routine versus restrictive use of episiotomy at operative vaginal delivery: a multicentre pilot study. BJOG 115:1695–1702CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Faecal incontinence after first instrumental vaginal delivery using Thierry’s spatulas
Authors
Olivier Parant
Caroline Simon-Toulza
Christelle Cristini
Christophe Vayssiere
Catherine Arnaud
Jean-Michel Reme
Publication date
01-10-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
International Urogynecology Journal / Issue 10/2010
Print ISSN: 0937-3462
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-010-1176-3

Other articles of this Issue 10/2010

International Urogynecology Journal 10/2010 Go to the issue