Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Fabrication of electrospun poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide)80/20 scaffolds loaded with diclofenac sodium for tissue engineering

Authors: Lila Nikkola, Tatjana Morton, Elizabeth R. Balmayor, Hanna Jukola, Ali Harlin, Heinz Redl, Martijn van Griensven, Nureddin Ashammakhi

Published in: European Journal of Medical Research | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

Adaptation of nanotechnology into materials science has also advanced tissue engineering research. Tissues are basically composed of nanoscale structures hence making nanofibrous materials closely resemble natural fibers. Adding a drug release function to such material may further advance their use in tissue repair.

Methods

In the current study, bioabsorbable poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide)80/20 (PDLGA80/20) was dissolved in a mixture of acetone/dimethylformamide. Twenty percent of diclofenac sodium was added to the solution. Nanofibers were manufactured using electrospinning. The morphology of the obtained scaffolds was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release of the diclofenac sodium was assessed by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Mouse fibroblasts (MC3T3) were seeded on the scaffolds, and the cell attachment was evaluated with fluorescent microscopy.

Results

The thickness of electrospun nanomats was about 1 mm. SEM analysis showed that polymeric nanofibers containing drug particles formed very interconnected porous nanostructures. The average diameter of the nanofibers was 500 nm. Drug release was measured by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy. After a high start peak, the release rate decreased considerably during 11 days and lasted about 60 days. During the evaluation of the release kinetics, a material degradation process was observed. MC3T3 cells attached to the diclofenac sodium-loaded scaffold.

Conclusions

The nanofibrous porous structure made of PDLGA polymer loaded with diclofenac sodium is feasible to develop, and it may help to improve biomaterial properties for controlled tissue repair and regeneration.

Ashammakhi N, Ndreu A, Piras A, Nikkola L, Sindelar T, Ylikauppila H, et al. Biodegradable nanomats produced by electrospinning: expanding multifunctionality and potential for tissue engineering. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006;6:2693–711.PubMedCrossRef

Jahani H, Kaviani S, Hassanpour-Ezatti M, Soleimani M, Kaviani Z, Zonoubi Z. The effect of aligned and random electrospun fibrous scaffolds on rat mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. Cell J. 2012;14:31–8.PubMedCentralPubMed

Parwe SP, Chaudhari PN, Mohite KK, Selukar BS, Nande SS, Garnaik B. Synthesis of ciprofloxacin-conjugated poly (l-lactic acid) polymer for nanofiber fabrication and antibacterial evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:1463–77.PubMedCentralPubMed

Boland ED, Telemeco TA, Simpson DG, Wnek GE, Bowlin GL. Utilizing acid pretreatment and electrospinning to improve biocompatibility of poly(glycolic acid) for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004;71:144–52.PubMedCrossRef

Sequeira SJ, Soscia DA, Oztan B, Mosier AP, Jean-Gilles R, Gadre A, et al. The regulation of focal adhesion complex formation and salivary gland epithelial cell organization by nanofibrous PLGA scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2012;33:3175–86.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Esposito AR, Moda M, Cattani SM, de Santana GM, Barbieri JA, Munhoz MM, et al. PLDLA/PCL-T scaffold for meniscus tissue engineering. Biores Open Access. 2013;2:138–47.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Nikkola L, Seppala J, Harlin A, Ndreu A, Ashammakhi N. Electrospun multifunctional diclofenac sodium releasing nanoscaffold. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006;6:3290–5.PubMedCrossRef

Perumcherry SR, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Menon D, Afeesh R. A novel method for the fabrication of fibrin-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffold for tissue-engineering applications. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2011;17:1121–30.PubMedCrossRef

Fiorani A, Gualandi C, Panseri S, Montesi M, Marcacci M, Focarete ML, et al. Comparative performance of collagen nanofibers electrospun from different solvents and stabilized by different crosslinkers. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2014;25:2313–21.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Kong LY, Ziegler GR. Quantitative relationship between electrospinning parameters and starch fiber diameter. Carbohyd Polym. 2013;92:1416–22.CrossRef

11.

Ignatova M, Manolova N, Rashkov I. Electrospun antibacterial chitosan-based fibers. Macromol Biosci. 2013;13:860–72.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Sekiya N, Ichioka S, Terada D, Tsuchiya S, Kobayashi H. Efficacy of a poly glycolic acid (PGA)/collagen composite nanofibre scaffold on cell migration and neovascularisation in vivo skin defect model. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2013;47:498–502.PubMed

13.

da Silva MA, Crawford A, Mundy J, Martins A, Araujo JV, Hatton PV, et al. Evaluation of extracellular matrix formation in polycaprolactone and starch-compounded polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes when seeded with bovine articular chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15:377–85.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Li J, Fu R, Li L, Yang G, Ding S, Zhong Z, et al. Co-delivery of dexamethasone and green tea polyphenols using electrospun ultrafine fibers for effective treatment of keloid. Pharm Res. 2014;31:1632–43.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Shen X, Xu Q, Xu S, Li J, Zhang N, Zhang L. Preparation and transdermal diffusion evaluation of the prazosin hydrochloride-loaded electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) fiber mats. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2014;14:5258–65.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Kim K, Luu YK, Chang C, Fang D, Hsiao BS, Chu B, et al. Incorporation and controlled release of a hydrophilic antibiotic using poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. J Control Release. 2004;98:47–56.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Zupanc M, Kosjek T, Petkovsek M, Dular M, Kompare B, Sirok B, et al. Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater by biological processes, hydrodynamic cavitation and UV treatment. Ultrason Sonochem. 2013;20:1104–12.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Ashammakhi N, Ndreu A, Yang Y, Ylikauppila H, Nikkola L, Hasirci V. Tissue engineering: a new take-off using nanofiber-based scaffolds. J Craniofac Surg. 2007;18:3–17.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Nakano A, Miki N, Hishida K, Hotta A. Solution parameters for the fabrication of thinner silicone fibers by electrospinning. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012;86:011801.PubMedCrossRef

20.

FDA. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Inactive ingredient search for approved drug products. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/iig/getiigWEB.cfm. Accessed 11 February 2015.

21.

Choi JS, Lee SW, Jeong L, Bae SH, Min BC, Youk JH, et al. Effect of organosoluble salts on the nanofibrous structure of electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Int J Biol Macromol. 2004;34:249–56.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Kumbar SG, Nukavarapu SP, James R, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Electrospun poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2008;29:4100–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

23.

Viitanen P, Suokas E, Tormala P, Ashammakhi N. Release of diclofenac sodium from polylactide-co-glycolide 80/20 rods. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2006;17:1267–74.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Todd PA, Sorkin EM. Diclofenac sodium. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1988;35:244–85.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Nie H, Wang CH. Fabrication and characterization of PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds for delivery of BMP-2 plasmid DNA. J Control Release. 2007;120:111–21.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Xu X, Chen X, Xu X, Lu T, Wang X, Yang L, et al. BCNU-loaded PEG-PLLA ultrafine fibers and their in vitro antitumor activity against glioma C6 cells. J Control Release. 2006;114:307–16.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Chua KN, Tang YN, Quek CH, Ramakrishna S, Leong KW, Mao HQ. A dual-functional fibrous scaffold enhances P450 activity of cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Acta Biomater. 2007;3:643–50.PubMedCrossRef

28.

Sun R, Gimbel HV, Liu S, Guo D, Hollenberg MD. Effect of diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone on cultured human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1999;30:382–8.PubMed

29.

Hassanzadeh-Khayyat M, Lai EPC, Kollu K, Ormeci B. Degradation of diclofenac in molecularly imprinted polymer submicron particles by UV light irradiation and HCl acid treatment. J Water Resource Prot. 2011;3:643–54.CrossRef

30.

Piras AM, Nikkola L, Chiellini F, Ashammakhi N, Chiellini E. Development of diclofenac sodium releasing bio-erodible polymeric nanomats. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006;6:3310–20.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Ndreu A, Nikkola L, Ylikauppila H, Ashammakhi N, Hasirci V. Electrospun biodegradable nanofibrous mats for tissue engineering. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2008;3:45–60.PubMedCrossRef

Title: Fabrication of electrospun poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide)80/20 scaffolds loaded with diclofenac sodium for tissue engineering
Authors: Lila Nikkola
Tatjana Morton
Elizabeth R. Balmayor
Hanna Jukola
Ali Harlin
Heinz Redl
Martijn van Griensven
Nureddin Ashammakhi
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: European Journal of Medical Research / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 2047-783X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-015-0145-1

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Fabrication of electrospun poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide)80/20 scaffolds loaded with diclofenac sodium for tissue engineering

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome as an early manifestation of mixed connective tissue disease

European Journal of Medical Research reviewer acknowledgment 2014

Hypoxia-induced MTA1 promotes MC3T3 osteoblast growth but suppresses MC3T3 osteoblast differentiation

Retraction Note: Leisure-time physical activity and the risk of metabolic syndrome: meta-analysis

Additional calcar support using a blade device reduces secondary varus displacement following reconstruction of the proximal humerus: a prospective study

Specific microRNAs as novel biomarkers for combination chemotherapy resistance detection of colon adenocarcinoma