Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Research

Expression, purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 Protein, and production of US11 polyclonal antibody

Authors: Yizhong Huang, Wuyunerdeni, Shanglong Yao

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The US11 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a small, highly basic phosphoprotein expressed at late times during infection. To date, the function of US11 protein in cell culture and animal models is poorly understood. To further investigate the function of the US11 protein, this study was undertaken to express the US11 protein and raise a polyclonal antibody.

Results

The US11 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a (+) to express His-tagged US11 protein in Escherichia coli. After purification by nickel affinity chromatography and refolding, the recombinant protein was used to raise the anti-US11 polyclonal antibody. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the US11 protein was specifically recognized by the polyclonal antibody, and immunofluorescent assay also showed that the antibody was able to probe the US11 protein in the cells infected with HSV-1.

Conclusions

In the present study, we obtained a high-level expression of the recombinant US11 protein as well as high titers of rabbit polyclonal antibody specially against US11 protein in HSV-1 infected cells. This special polyclonal antibody provides a good tool for further studying structural and functional characterization of HSV-1 US11 protein.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Roizman B, Knipe DM, Whitley RJ: Herpes simplex virus. In Fields Virology. 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:2501-2601. Roizman B, Knipe DM, Whitley RJ: Herpes simplex virus. In Fields Virology. 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:2501-2601.
2.
go back to reference McGeoch DJ, Dalrymple MA, Davison AJ, Dolan A, Frame MC, McNab D, Perry LJ, Scott JE, Taylor P: The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1988,69(Pt 7):1531-1574.CrossRefPubMed McGeoch DJ, Dalrymple MA, Davison AJ, Dolan A, Frame MC, McNab D, Perry LJ, Scott JE, Taylor P: The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1988,69(Pt 7):1531-1574.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Johnson PA, MacLean C, Marsden HS, Dalziel RG, Everett RD: The product of gene US11 of herpes simplex virus type 1 is expressed as a true late gene. J Gen Virol 1986,67(Pt 5):871-883.CrossRefPubMed Johnson PA, MacLean C, Marsden HS, Dalziel RG, Everett RD: The product of gene US11 of herpes simplex virus type 1 is expressed as a true late gene. J Gen Virol 1986,67(Pt 5):871-883.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Schaerer-Uthurralt N, Erard M, Kindbeiter K, Madjar JJ, Diaz JJ: Distinct domains in herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 protein mediate post-transcriptional transactivation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I envelope glycoprotein gene expression and specific binding to the Rex responsive element. The Journal of general virology 1998,79(Pt 7):1593-1602.CrossRefPubMed Schaerer-Uthurralt N, Erard M, Kindbeiter K, Madjar JJ, Diaz JJ: Distinct domains in herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 protein mediate post-transcriptional transactivation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I envelope glycoprotein gene expression and specific binding to the Rex responsive element. The Journal of general virology 1998,79(Pt 7):1593-1602.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Attrill HL, Cumming SA, Clements JB, Graham SV: The herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 protein binds the coterminal UL12, UL13, and UL14 RNAs and regulates UL13 expression in vivo. J Virol 2002, 76: 8090-8100. 10.1128/JVI.76.16.8090-8100.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Attrill HL, Cumming SA, Clements JB, Graham SV: The herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 protein binds the coterminal UL12, UL13, and UL14 RNAs and regulates UL13 expression in vivo. J Virol 2002, 76: 8090-8100. 10.1128/JVI.76.16.8090-8100.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Bryant KF, Cox JC, Wang H, Hogle JM, Ellington AD, Coen DM: Binding of herpes simplex virus-1 US11 to specific RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33: 6090-6100. 10.1093/nar/gki919PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bryant KF, Cox JC, Wang H, Hogle JM, Ellington AD, Coen DM: Binding of herpes simplex virus-1 US11 to specific RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33: 6090-6100. 10.1093/nar/gki919PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Diaz JJ, Dodon MD, Schaerer-Uthurralt N, Simonin D, Kindbeiter K, Gazzolo L, Madjar JJ: Post-transcriptional transactivation of human retroviral envelope glycoprotein expression by herpes simplex virus Us11 protein. Nature 1996, 379: 273-277. 10.1038/379273a0CrossRefPubMed Diaz JJ, Dodon MD, Schaerer-Uthurralt N, Simonin D, Kindbeiter K, Gazzolo L, Madjar JJ: Post-transcriptional transactivation of human retroviral envelope glycoprotein expression by herpes simplex virus Us11 protein. Nature 1996, 379: 273-277. 10.1038/379273a0CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Roller RJ, Roizman B: The herpes simplex virus Us11 open reading frame encodes a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein. Journal of virology 1990, 64: 3463-3470.PubMedCentralPubMed Roller RJ, Roizman B: The herpes simplex virus Us11 open reading frame encodes a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein. Journal of virology 1990, 64: 3463-3470.PubMedCentralPubMed
9.
go back to reference Xing J, Wu F, Pan W, Zheng C: Molecular anatomy of subcellular localization of HSV-1 tegument protein US11 in living cells. Virus research 2010, 153: 71-81. 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.009CrossRefPubMed Xing J, Wu F, Pan W, Zheng C: Molecular anatomy of subcellular localization of HSV-1 tegument protein US11 in living cells. Virus research 2010, 153: 71-81. 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.009CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Diefenbach RJ, Miranda-Saksena M, Diefenbach E, Holland DJ, Boadle RA, Armati PJ, Cunningham AL: Herpes simplex virus tegument protein US11 interacts with conventional kinesin heavy chain. J Virol 2002, 76: 3282-3291. 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3282-3291.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Diefenbach RJ, Miranda-Saksena M, Diefenbach E, Holland DJ, Boadle RA, Armati PJ, Cunningham AL: Herpes simplex virus tegument protein US11 interacts with conventional kinesin heavy chain. J Virol 2002, 76: 3282-3291. 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3282-3291.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Giraud S, Diaz-Latoud C, Hacot S, Textoris J, Bourette RP, Diaz JJ: US11 of herpes simplex virus type 1 interacts with HIPK2 and antagonizes HIPK2-induced cell growth arrest. J Virol 2004, 78: 2984-2993. 10.1128/JVI.78.6.2984-2993.2004PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Giraud S, Diaz-Latoud C, Hacot S, Textoris J, Bourette RP, Diaz JJ: US11 of herpes simplex virus type 1 interacts with HIPK2 and antagonizes HIPK2-induced cell growth arrest. J Virol 2004, 78: 2984-2993. 10.1128/JVI.78.6.2984-2993.2004PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Cassady KA, Gross M: The herpes simplex virus type 1 U(S)11 protein interacts with protein kinase R in infected cells and requires a 30-amino-acid sequence adjacent to a kinase substrate domain. J Virol 2002, 76: 2029-2035. 10.1128/jvi.76.5.2029-2035.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Cassady KA, Gross M: The herpes simplex virus type 1 U(S)11 protein interacts with protein kinase R in infected cells and requires a 30-amino-acid sequence adjacent to a kinase substrate domain. J Virol 2002, 76: 2029-2035. 10.1128/jvi.76.5.2029-2035.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC: Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein. J Virol 2002, 76: 11054-11064. 10.1128/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC: Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein. J Virol 2002, 76: 11054-11064. 10.1128/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Khoo D, Perez C, Mohr I: Characterization of RNA determinants recognized by the arginine- and proline-rich region of Us11, a herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded double-stranded RNA binding protein that prevents PKR activation. J Virol 2002, 76: 11971-11981. 10.1128/JVI.76.23.11971-11981.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Khoo D, Perez C, Mohr I: Characterization of RNA determinants recognized by the arginine- and proline-rich region of Us11, a herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded double-stranded RNA binding protein that prevents PKR activation. J Virol 2002, 76: 11971-11981. 10.1128/JVI.76.23.11971-11981.2002PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Sanchez R, Mohr I: Inhibition of cellular 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein. J Virol 2007, 81: 3455-3464. 10.1128/JVI.02520-06PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Sanchez R, Mohr I: Inhibition of cellular 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein. J Virol 2007, 81: 3455-3464. 10.1128/JVI.02520-06PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Pan W, Ren X, Guo H, Ding Q, Zheng AC: Expression, purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL4 protein, and production and characterization of UL4 polyclonal antibody. J Virol Methods 2010, 163: 465-469. 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.015CrossRefPubMed Pan W, Ren X, Guo H, Ding Q, Zheng AC: Expression, purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL4 protein, and production and characterization of UL4 polyclonal antibody. J Virol Methods 2010, 163: 465-469. 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.015CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Roller RJ, Monk LL, Stuart D, Roizman B: Structure and function in the herpes simplex virus 1 RNA-binding protein U(s)11: mapping of the domain required for ribosomal and nucleolar association and RNA binding in vitro. Journal of virology 1996, 70: 2842-2851.PubMedCentralPubMed Roller RJ, Monk LL, Stuart D, Roizman B: Structure and function in the herpes simplex virus 1 RNA-binding protein U(s)11: mapping of the domain required for ribosomal and nucleolar association and RNA binding in vitro. Journal of virology 1996, 70: 2842-2851.PubMedCentralPubMed
18.
go back to reference Baines JD, Jacob RJ, Simmerman L, Roizman B: The herpes simplex virus 1 UL11 proteins are associated with cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes and with nuclear bodies of infected cells. Journal of virology 1995, 69: 825-833.PubMedCentralPubMed Baines JD, Jacob RJ, Simmerman L, Roizman B: The herpes simplex virus 1 UL11 proteins are associated with cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes and with nuclear bodies of infected cells. Journal of virology 1995, 69: 825-833.PubMedCentralPubMed
19.
go back to reference Wei CJ, Xu L, Kong WP, Shi W, Canis K, Stevens J, Yang ZY, Dell A, Haslam SM, Wilson IA, Nabel GJ: Comparative efficacy of neutralizing antibodies elicited by recombinant hemagglutinin proteins from avian H5N1 influenza virus. J Virol 2008, 82: 6200-6208. 10.1128/JVI.00187-08PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Wei CJ, Xu L, Kong WP, Shi W, Canis K, Stevens J, Yang ZY, Dell A, Haslam SM, Wilson IA, Nabel GJ: Comparative efficacy of neutralizing antibodies elicited by recombinant hemagglutinin proteins from avian H5N1 influenza virus. J Virol 2008, 82: 6200-6208. 10.1128/JVI.00187-08PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Khurana S, Verma S, Verma N, Crevar CJ, Carter DM, Manischewitz J, King LR, Ross TM, Golding H: Properly folded bacterially expressed H1N1 hemagglutinin globular head and ectodomain vaccines protect ferrets against H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. PLoS One 2010, 5: e11548. 10.1371/journal.pone.0011548PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Khurana S, Verma S, Verma N, Crevar CJ, Carter DM, Manischewitz J, King LR, Ross TM, Golding H: Properly folded bacterially expressed H1N1 hemagglutinin globular head and ectodomain vaccines protect ferrets against H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. PLoS One 2010, 5: e11548. 10.1371/journal.pone.0011548PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Treanor JJ, Betts RF, Smith GE, Anderson EL, Hackett CS, Wilkinson BE, Belshe RB, Powers DC: Evaluation of a recombinant hemagglutinin expressed in insect cells as an influenza vaccine in young and elderly adults. J Infect Dis 1996, 173: 1467-1470. 10.1093/infdis/173.6.1467CrossRefPubMed Treanor JJ, Betts RF, Smith GE, Anderson EL, Hackett CS, Wilkinson BE, Belshe RB, Powers DC: Evaluation of a recombinant hemagglutinin expressed in insect cells as an influenza vaccine in young and elderly adults. J Infect Dis 1996, 173: 1467-1470. 10.1093/infdis/173.6.1467CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Shen S, Mahadevappa G, Oh HL, Wee BY, Choi YW, Hwang LA, Lim SG, Hong W, Lal SK, Tan YJ: Comparing the antibody responses against recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus expressed in insect cells and bacteria. J Med Virol 2008, 80: 1972-1983. 10.1002/jmv.21298CrossRefPubMed Shen S, Mahadevappa G, Oh HL, Wee BY, Choi YW, Hwang LA, Lim SG, Hong W, Lal SK, Tan YJ: Comparing the antibody responses against recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus expressed in insect cells and bacteria. J Med Virol 2008, 80: 1972-1983. 10.1002/jmv.21298CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Mayer M, Buchner J: Refolding of inclusion body proteins. Methods Mol Med 2004, 94: 239-254.PubMed Mayer M, Buchner J: Refolding of inclusion body proteins. Methods Mol Med 2004, 94: 239-254.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Gustafsson C, Govindarajan S, Minshull J: Codon bias and heterologous protein expression. Trends Biotechnol 2004, 22: 346-353. 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.04.006CrossRefPubMed Gustafsson C, Govindarajan S, Minshull J: Codon bias and heterologous protein expression. Trends Biotechnol 2004, 22: 346-353. 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.04.006CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Oneda H, Inouye K: Refolding and recovery of recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 (matrilysin) from inclusion bodies expressed by Escherichia coli. J Biochem 1999, 126: 905-911.CrossRefPubMed Oneda H, Inouye K: Refolding and recovery of recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 (matrilysin) from inclusion bodies expressed by Escherichia coli. J Biochem 1999, 126: 905-911.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Roller RJ, Roizman B: The herpes simplex virus 1 RNA binding protein US11 is a virion component and associates with ribosomal 60S subunits. Journal of virology 1992, 66: 3624-3632.PubMedCentralPubMed Roller RJ, Roizman B: The herpes simplex virus 1 RNA binding protein US11 is a virion component and associates with ribosomal 60S subunits. Journal of virology 1992, 66: 3624-3632.PubMedCentralPubMed
27.
go back to reference Diaz JJ, Simonin D, Masse T, Deviller P, Kindbeiter K, Denoroy L, Madjar JJ: The herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 gene product is a phosphorylated protein found to be non-specifically associated with both ribosomal subunits. The Journal of general virology 1993,74(Pt 3):397-406.CrossRefPubMed Diaz JJ, Simonin D, Masse T, Deviller P, Kindbeiter K, Denoroy L, Madjar JJ: The herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 gene product is a phosphorylated protein found to be non-specifically associated with both ribosomal subunits. The Journal of general virology 1993,74(Pt 3):397-406.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Tanaka M, Kagawa H, Yamanashi Y, Sata T, Kawaguchi Y: Construction of an excisable bacterial artificial chromosome containing a full-length infectious clone of herpes simplex virus type 1: viruses reconstituted from the clone exhibit wild-type properties in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2003, 77: 1382-1391. 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1382-1391.2003PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Tanaka M, Kagawa H, Yamanashi Y, Sata T, Kawaguchi Y: Construction of an excisable bacterial artificial chromosome containing a full-length infectious clone of herpes simplex virus type 1: viruses reconstituted from the clone exhibit wild-type properties in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2003, 77: 1382-1391. 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1382-1391.2003PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Yuen SW, Chui AH, Wilson KJ, Yuan PM: Microanalysis of SDS-PAGE electroblotted proteins. Biotechniques 1989, 7: 74-83.PubMed Yuen SW, Chui AH, Wilson KJ, Yuan PM: Microanalysis of SDS-PAGE electroblotted proteins. Biotechniques 1989, 7: 74-83.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976, 72: 248-254. 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3CrossRefPubMed Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976, 72: 248-254. 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Expression, purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 US11 Protein, and production of US11 polyclonal antibody
Authors
Yizhong Huang
Wuyunerdeni
Shanglong Yao
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-490

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Virology Journal 1/2011 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine