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01-12-2017 | Clinical Quiz

Evolving presentation of leg cramps in a child with nephrotic syndrome: Answers

Authors: Amirtha V. Chinnadurai, Olivera Marsenic

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 12/2017

Excerpt

Intermittent cramps are a common problem and can affect all ages. Cramps can be a hallmark of many organic disorders; hence it is important to sieve through a broad range of differential diagnoses [1]. Possible etiologies include:

Electrolyte abnormalities such as hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia
Respiratory alkalosis secondary to hyperventilation with subsequent increase in arterial pH and decrease in circulating free ionized calcium levels
Drug-induced muscular cramping, including diuretics, beta2-agonists (albuterol), calcium channel blockers (nifedipine), statins, lithium and cimetidine
Endocrine disorders such as thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism and hypoglycemia
Strenuous exercise
Neuromuscular disorders
Vascular malperfusion which includes venous congestion or arterial obstruction
Idiopathic nocturnal leg cramps

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Title: Evolving presentation of leg cramps in a child with nephrotic syndrome: Answers
Authors: Amirtha V. Chinnadurai
Olivera Marsenic
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 12/2017
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3606-7

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Evolving presentation of leg cramps in a child with nephrotic syndrome: Answers

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