Top

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Published in:

01-10-2014 | Original Article

Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography

Authors: Meryem Etoz, Yıldıray Sisman

Published in: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy | Issue 8/2014

Abstract

Purpose

Although nasopalatine canal (NPC) is one of the most important anatomical structures in premaxillary region, few documents are available with regard to anatomic variations, size, and morphology of NPC in the literature. In recent years, the need for radiological identification of anatomical structures has grown with increased dental implant applications in anterior maxillary region with higher esthetic expectations. This study aimed at investigating the NPC’s shape and anatomical variations by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Turkish society, in a particular region.

Methods

A total of 500 individual CBCT images were investigated in terms of morphological, dimensional, and anatomical features of NPC. In addition, the width of incisive foramen (IF) and foramina of Stenson were evaluated.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.234) between women and men in terms of NPC shape. Morphological assessment of NPC revealed that 38.78 % of NPCs were hourglass-like in shape, 27.35 % of canals were funnel-shaped, 9.18 % of canals were conical shaped, and 8.25 % of canals were cylindrical shaped. The mean IF width and NPC length was found as 5.06 and 12.59 mm, respectively. And the mean canal length was found significantly longer in men than women (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It has been shown that NPC has a lot of anatomical variations with regard to its dimensions as well as its morphological appearance. Therefore, identification of the anatomical structure of this region with two- and three-dimensional imaging techniques maybe thought to be important in facilitating surgical management and preventing possible complications.

Bornstein MM, Balsiger R, Sendi P, von Arx T (2011) Morphology of the nasopalatine canal and dental implant surgery: a radiographic analysis of 100 consecutive patients using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res 22(3):295–301PubMedCrossRef

Cicciu M, Grossi GB, Borgonovo A, Santoro G, Pallotti F, Maiorana C (2010) Rare bilateral nasopalatine duct cysts: a case report. The Open Dent J 4(11):8–12CrossRef

Cohenca N, Simon JH, Roges R, Morag Y, Malfaz JM (2007) Clinical indications for digital imaging in dento-alveolar trauma. Part 1, Traumatic injuries. Dent Traumatol 23(2):95–104PubMedCrossRef

Guncu GN, Yildirim YD, Yilmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, Al-Hezaimi K et al (2013) Is there a gender difference in anatomic features of incisive canal and maxillary environmental bone? Clin Oral Implants Res 24(9):1023–1026PubMed

Hegde RJ, Shetty R (2006) Nasopalatine duct cyst. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 24(1):31–32

Honda K, Arai Y, Kashima M, Takano Y, Sawada K, Ejima K et al (2004) Evaluation of the usefulness of the limited cone-beam CT (3DX) in the assessment of the thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33(6):391–395PubMedCrossRef

Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P et al (2007) Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103(5):683–693PubMedCrossRef

Keith DA (1979) Phenomenon of mucous retention in the incisive canal. J Oral Surg 37(11):832–834PubMed

Liang X, Jacobs R, Martens W, Hu Y, Adriaensens P, Quirynen M et al (2009) Macro- and micro-anatomical, histological and computed tomography scan characterization of the nasopalatine canal. J Clin Periodontol 36(7):598–603PubMedCrossRef

10.

Mardinger O, Namani-Sadan N, Chaushu G, Schwartz-Arad D (2008) Morphologic changes of the nasopalatine canal related to dental implantation: a radiologic study in different degrees of absorbed maxillae. J Periodontol 79(9):1659–1662PubMedCrossRef

11.

Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P et al (2004) The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33(6):396–402PubMedCrossRef

12.

Nelson BL, Linfesty RL (2010) Nasopalatine duct cyst. Head Neck Pathol 4(2):121–122PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

13.

Pohlenz P, Blessmann M, Blake F, Heinrich S, Schmelzle R, Heiland M (2007) Clinical indications and perspectives for intraoperative cone beam computed tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103(3):412–417PubMedCrossRef

14.

Radlanski RJ, Emmerich S, Renz H (2004) Prenatal morphogenesis of the human incisive canal. Anat Embryol 208(4):265–271PubMedCrossRef

15.

Sicher H (1962) Anatomy and oral pathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 15:1264–1269PubMedCrossRef

16.

Song WC, Jo DI, Lee JY, Kim JN, Hur MS, Hu KS et al (2009) Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: an ex vivo study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108(4):583–590PubMedCrossRef

17.

Standring S (2005) Gray’s anatomy, 39th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 583–584

18.

Stenson N (1685) Stenonis De muscuhs et glandulis. Lugdunum Batavorum (Leyden) 1683:45 -de narium vasis; in Mangeti. Bibl Anatom Genev 11:763

19.

Tanaka S, Iida S, Murakami S, Kishino M, Yamada C, Okura M (2008) Extensive nasopalatine duct cyst causing nasolabial protrusion. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 106(4):46–50CrossRef

20.

Teughels W, Merheb J, Quirynen M (2009) Critical horizontal dimensions of interproximal and buccal bone around implants for optimal aesthetic outcomes: a systematic review. Clin Oral İmplants Res 20(4):134–145PubMedCrossRef

21.

Tözüm TF, Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P et al (2012) Evaluation of maxillary incisive canal characteristics related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a clinical multicenter study. J Periodontol 83(3):337–343PubMedCrossRef

Title: Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Meryem Etoz
Yıldıray Sisman
Publication date: 01-10-2014
Publisher: Springer Paris
Published in: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy / Issue 8/2014
Print ISSN: 0930-1038
Electronic ISSN: 1279-8517
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-014-1259-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 8/2014

Can we consider standard microsurgical anastomosis on the posterior tibial perforator network? An anatomical study

Volumetric growth of the lungs in human fetuses: an anatomical, hydrostatic and statistical study

Branching patterns and localization of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve: an anatomical basis for planning safe surgical approaches

Topographic variations of the optic chiasm and the pituitary stalk: a morphometric study based on midsagittal T2-weighted MR images

Anatomical study of the medial patello-femoral ligament: landmarks for its surgical reconstruction

Glenohumeral relationship in maximum elevation