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01-05-2020 | Original Article

Evaluation of fat-free mass hydration in athletes and non-athletes

Authors: Hiroyuki Sagayama, Yosuke Yamada, Mamiko Ichikawa, Emi Kondo, Jun Yasukata, Yoko Tanabe, Yasuki Higaki, Hideyuki Takahashi

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 5/2020

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the hydration of fat-free mass (FFM) in athletes and non-athletes.

Methods

We analyzed the data of 128 healthy young adults (athletes: 61 men, 36 women; non-athletes: 19 men, 12 women) using the two-component (2C), 3C and 4C models. Under-water weighing or air-displacement plethysmography and deuterium dilution methods were used for estimating body density and total body water, respectively. The bone mineral content (BMC) was determined using whole-body scans by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

There was no significant difference in FFM hydration between the athletes (men, 72.3 ± 1.3%; women, 71.8 ± 1.3%) and non-athletes (men, 72.1 ± 1.2%; women, 72.2% ± 1.0%) in the 3C model. The total mean FFM hydration (72.1% ± 1.3%) was similar to the corresponding value in the literature (~ 73%). The estimation error of the percentage fat by the 2C vs the 4C model was significantly and highly correlated with hydration (r = 0.96), BMC (r = − 0.70), and total body protein (r = − 0.86) in the 4C model FFM.

Conclusion

Although FFM hydration was similar in athletes and non-athletes, it would be underestimated or overestimated when the 2C model is used for evaluation, and the biological FFM hydration value deviates from the 73% value inter-individually. Despite that this inter-individual variation in FFM hydration is low in terms of between-individual standard deviation (1.3%), the BMC and total body protein differ greatly in athletes, and when it affects FFM hydration, it may also affect the percentage fat measurement in the 2C model. Thus, FFM hydration would not be affected by FFM, percent body fat, or the athletic status.

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Title: Evaluation of fat-free mass hydration in athletes and non-athletes
Authors: Hiroyuki Sagayama
Yosuke Yamada
Mamiko Ichikawa
Emi Kondo
Jun Yasukata
Yoko Tanabe
Yasuki Higaki
Hideyuki Takahashi
Publication date: 01-05-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 5/2020
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04356-y

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Evaluation of fat-free mass hydration in athletes and non-athletes

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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