Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology 4/2014

01-04-2014 | Original Article

Error in the parotid contour delineated using computed tomography images rather than magnetic resonance images during radiotherapy planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Authors: Chengxin Liu, Xudong Kong, Guanzhong Gong, Tonghai Liu, Baosheng Li, Yong Yin

Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology | Issue 4/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

To analyze the intra- and interobserver variations errors in the parotid contour delineated using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy.

Materials and methods

Forty-one nasopharyngeal cancer patients were selected. The patients underwent simulation with MR and CT scanning. The gross tumor volume and organs at risk were contoured on both contrasted CT and T1-MR images. For each patient, one radiotherapist delineated the parotid on CT and MR images ten times, and ten different radiotherapists were asked to delineate the parotid on CT and MR images once each. The inter- and intraobserver variations in volume and outline were compared.

Results

For the interobserver comparison, the volumes of the parotid as evaluated from the CT and MR images were 34.6 ± 12.1 cm3 (left), 34.3 ± 9.0 cm3 (right), and 24.6 ± 7.6 cm3 (L), 23.2 ± 8.1 cm3 (R), respectively. For the intraobserver comparison, the volumes evaluated from the CT and MR images were 28.2 ± 7.6 cm3 (L), 29.4 ± 9.4 cm3 (R), and 24.4 ± 7.6 cm3 (L), 22.5 ± 7.4 cm3 (R), respectively. The relative variations in volume when using MR images were 4.7 ± 0.7 % (L), 5.0 ± 0.6 % (R) for the interobserver variations and 2.3 ± 0.4 % (L), 2.1 ± 0.7 % (R) for the intraobserver variations. However, the inter- and intraobserver relative variations in volume when using CT images were 18.0 ± 4.8 % (L), 17.4 ± 4.6 % (R) and 6.3 ± 1.5 % (L), 6.8 ± 1.5 % (R), respectively.

Conclusion

The parotid contour is delineated more accurately and reproducibly on MR images than on CT images.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Kwong DL, Sham JS, Leung LH, Cheng AC, Ng WM, Kwong PW, et al. Preliminary results of radiation dose escalation for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:374–81.PubMedCrossRef Kwong DL, Sham JS, Leung LH, Cheng AC, Ng WM, Kwong PW, et al. Preliminary results of radiation dose escalation for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:374–81.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Hansen EK, Bucci MK, Quivey JM, Weinberg V, Xia P. Repeat CT imaging and replanning during the course of IMRT for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:355–62.PubMedCrossRef Hansen EK, Bucci MK, Quivey JM, Weinberg V, Xia P. Repeat CT imaging and replanning during the course of IMRT for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:355–62.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Vasquez Osorio EM, Hoogeman MS, Al-Mamgani A, Teguh DN, Levendag PC, Heijmen BJ. Local anatomic changes in parotid and submandibular glands during radiotherapy for oropharynx cancer and correlation with dose, studied in detail with nonrigid registration. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;70:875–82.PubMedCrossRef Vasquez Osorio EM, Hoogeman MS, Al-Mamgani A, Teguh DN, Levendag PC, Heijmen BJ. Local anatomic changes in parotid and submandibular glands during radiotherapy for oropharynx cancer and correlation with dose, studied in detail with nonrigid registration. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;70:875–82.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Lin A, Kim HM, Terrell JE, Dawson LA, Ship JA, Eisbruch A. Quality of life after parotid-sparing IMRT for head-and-neck cancer: a prospective longitudinal study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57:61–70.PubMedCrossRef Lin A, Kim HM, Terrell JE, Dawson LA, Ship JA, Eisbruch A. Quality of life after parotid-sparing IMRT for head-and-neck cancer: a prospective longitudinal study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57:61–70.PubMedCrossRef
5.
6.
go back to reference Eisbruch A, Kim HM, Terrell JE, Marsh LH, Dawson LA, Ship JA. Xerostomia and its predictors following parotid-sparing irradiation of head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;50:695–704.PubMedCrossRef Eisbruch A, Kim HM, Terrell JE, Marsh LH, Dawson LA, Ship JA. Xerostomia and its predictors following parotid-sparing irradiation of head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;50:695–704.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Eisbruch A, Ten Haken RK, Kim HM, Marsh LH, Dawson LA, Ship JA. Dose, volume, and function relationships in parotid salivary glands following conformal and intensity-modulated irradiation of head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;45:577–87.PubMedCrossRef Eisbruch A, Ten Haken RK, Kim HM, Marsh LH, Dawson LA, Ship JA. Dose, volume, and function relationships in parotid salivary glands following conformal and intensity-modulated irradiation of head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;45:577–87.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Deasy JO, Moiseenko V, Marks L, Chao KS, Nam J, Eisbruch A. Radiotherapy dose-volume effects on salivary gland function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:S58–63.PubMedCrossRef Deasy JO, Moiseenko V, Marks L, Chao KS, Nam J, Eisbruch A. Radiotherapy dose-volume effects on salivary gland function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:S58–63.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Chung N, Ting LL, Hsu W, Lui LT, Wang PM. Impact of magnetic resonance imaging versus CT on nasopharyngeal carcinoma: primary tumor target delineation for radiotherapy. Head Neck. 2004;26:241–6.PubMedCrossRef Chung N, Ting LL, Hsu W, Lui LT, Wang PM. Impact of magnetic resonance imaging versus CT on nasopharyngeal carcinoma: primary tumor target delineation for radiotherapy. Head Neck. 2004;26:241–6.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Verduijn GM, Bartels LW, Raaijmakers CP, Terhaard CH, Pameijer FA, van den Berg CA. Magnetic resonance imaging protocol optimization for delineation of gross tumor volume in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74:630–6.PubMedCrossRef Verduijn GM, Bartels LW, Raaijmakers CP, Terhaard CH, Pameijer FA, van den Berg CA. Magnetic resonance imaging protocol optimization for delineation of gross tumor volume in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74:630–6.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Ahmed M, Schmidt M, Sohaib A, Kong C, Burke K, Richardson C, et al. The value of magnetic resonance imaging in target volume delineation of base of tongue tumours—a study using flexible surface coils. Radiother Oncol. 2010;94:161–7.PubMedCrossRef Ahmed M, Schmidt M, Sohaib A, Kong C, Burke K, Richardson C, et al. The value of magnetic resonance imaging in target volume delineation of base of tongue tumours—a study using flexible surface coils. Radiother Oncol. 2010;94:161–7.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Yu E, O’Sullivan B, Kim J, Siu L, Bartlett E. Magnetic resonance imaging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10:365–75.PubMedCrossRef Yu E, O’Sullivan B, Kim J, Siu L, Bartlett E. Magnetic resonance imaging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10:365–75.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Stephen B, Carolyn C. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:1471–4. Stephen B, Carolyn C. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:1471–4.
14.
go back to reference Wijers OB, Levendag PC, Braaksma MM, Boonzaaijer M, Visch LL, Schmitz PI. Patients with head and neck cancer cured by radiation therapy: a survey of the dry mouth syndrome in long-term survivors. Head Neck. 2002;24:737–47.PubMedCrossRef Wijers OB, Levendag PC, Braaksma MM, Boonzaaijer M, Visch LL, Schmitz PI. Patients with head and neck cancer cured by radiation therapy: a survey of the dry mouth syndrome in long-term survivors. Head Neck. 2002;24:737–47.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Eisbruch A, Rhodus N, Rosenthal D, Murphy B, Rasch C, Sonis S, et al. How should we measure and report radiotherapy-induced xerostomia? Semin Radiat Oncol. 2003;13:226–34.PubMedCrossRef Eisbruch A, Rhodus N, Rosenthal D, Murphy B, Rasch C, Sonis S, et al. How should we measure and report radiotherapy-induced xerostomia? Semin Radiat Oncol. 2003;13:226–34.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference de Castro G Jr, Federico MH. Evaluation, prevention and management of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. Curr Opin Oncol. 2006;18:266–70.PubMedCrossRef de Castro G Jr, Federico MH. Evaluation, prevention and management of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. Curr Opin Oncol. 2006;18:266–70.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Juan CJ, Chen CY, Jen YM, Liu HS, Liu YJ, Hsueh CJ, et al. Perfusion characteristics of late radiation injury of parotid glands: quantitative evaluation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol. 2009;19:94–102.PubMedCrossRef Juan CJ, Chen CY, Jen YM, Liu HS, Liu YJ, Hsueh CJ, et al. Perfusion characteristics of late radiation injury of parotid glands: quantitative evaluation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol. 2009;19:94–102.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Kam MK, Leung SF, Zee B, Chau RM, Suen JJ, Mo F, et al. Prospective randomized study of intensity-modulated radiotherapy on salivary gland function in early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. J Clin Oncol. 2007;31:4873–9.CrossRef Kam MK, Leung SF, Zee B, Chau RM, Suen JJ, Mo F, et al. Prospective randomized study of intensity-modulated radiotherapy on salivary gland function in early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. J Clin Oncol. 2007;31:4873–9.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Lee FK, King AD, Kam MK, Ma BB, Yeung DK. Radiation injury of the parotid glands during treatment for head and neck cancer: assessment using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiat Res. 2011;175:291–6.PubMedCrossRef Lee FK, King AD, Kam MK, Ma BB, Yeung DK. Radiation injury of the parotid glands during treatment for head and neck cancer: assessment using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiat Res. 2011;175:291–6.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Cheng HC, Wu VW, Ngan RK, Tang KW, Chan CC, Wong KH, et al. A prospective study on volumetric and dosimetric changes during intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Radiother Oncol. 2012;104:317–23.PubMedCrossRef Cheng HC, Wu VW, Ngan RK, Tang KW, Chan CC, Wong KH, et al. A prospective study on volumetric and dosimetric changes during intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Radiother Oncol. 2012;104:317–23.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Chau RM, Teo PM, Kam MK, Leung SF, Cheung KY, Chan AT. Dosimetric comparison between 2-dimensional radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy in treatment of advanced T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: to treat less or more in the planning organ-at-risk volume of the brainstem and spinal cord. Med Dosim. 2007;32:263–70.PubMedCrossRef Chau RM, Teo PM, Kam MK, Leung SF, Cheung KY, Chan AT. Dosimetric comparison between 2-dimensional radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy in treatment of advanced T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: to treat less or more in the planning organ-at-risk volume of the brainstem and spinal cord. Med Dosim. 2007;32:263–70.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Sharma MS, Kondziolka D, Khan A, Kano H, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, et al. Radiation tolerance limits of the brainstem. Neurosurgery. 2008;63:728–33.PubMedCrossRef Sharma MS, Kondziolka D, Khan A, Kano H, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, et al. Radiation tolerance limits of the brainstem. Neurosurgery. 2008;63:728–33.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Sharma S, Jalali R, Phurailatpam R, Gupta T. Does intensity-modulated stereotactic radiotherapy achieve superior target conformity than conventional stereotactic radiotherapy in different intracranial tumours? Clin Oncol. 2009;21:408–16.CrossRef Sharma S, Jalali R, Phurailatpam R, Gupta T. Does intensity-modulated stereotactic radiotherapy achieve superior target conformity than conventional stereotactic radiotherapy in different intracranial tumours? Clin Oncol. 2009;21:408–16.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Gardner M, Halimi P, Valinta D, Plantet MM, Alberini JL, Wartski M, et al. Use of single MRI and 18F-FDG PET-CT scans in both diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment planning in patients with head and neck cancer: advantage on target volume and critical organ delineation. Head Neck. 2009;31:461–7.PubMedCrossRef Gardner M, Halimi P, Valinta D, Plantet MM, Alberini JL, Wartski M, et al. Use of single MRI and 18F-FDG PET-CT scans in both diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment planning in patients with head and neck cancer: advantage on target volume and critical organ delineation. Head Neck. 2009;31:461–7.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Yanke BR, Ten Haken RK, Aisen A, Fraass BA, Thornton AF Jr. Design of MRI scan protocols for use in 3-D, CT based treatment planning. Med Dosim. 1991;16:205–11.PubMed Yanke BR, Ten Haken RK, Aisen A, Fraass BA, Thornton AF Jr. Design of MRI scan protocols for use in 3-D, CT based treatment planning. Med Dosim. 1991;16:205–11.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Ten Haken RK, Thornton AF Jr, Sandler HM, LaVigne ML, Quint DJ, Fraass BA, et al. A quantitative assessment of the addition of MRI to CT based 3-D treatment planning of brain tumors. Radiother Oncol. 1992;25:121–33.PubMedCrossRef Ten Haken RK, Thornton AF Jr, Sandler HM, LaVigne ML, Quint DJ, Fraass BA, et al. A quantitative assessment of the addition of MRI to CT based 3-D treatment planning of brain tumors. Radiother Oncol. 1992;25:121–33.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Error in the parotid contour delineated using computed tomography images rather than magnetic resonance images during radiotherapy planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors
Chengxin Liu
Xudong Kong
Guanzhong Gong
Tonghai Liu
Baosheng Li
Yong Yin
Publication date
01-04-2014
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Japanese Journal of Radiology / Issue 4/2014
Print ISSN: 1867-1071
Electronic ISSN: 1867-108X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-014-0286-0

Other articles of this Issue 4/2014

Japanese Journal of Radiology 4/2014 Go to the issue