Stem Cell Transplantation Represents a New Strategy for the Treatment of Epilepsy

Excerpt

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by faulty neuronal synchronization and repeated seizures. The balance between glutamatergic excitatory neurons and gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibitory neurons is critical for optimal brain function. Malfunctions in inhibitory interneurons are one of the reasons that can result in the onset of epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment for epilepsy; however, approximately one-third of patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Surgery is the primary treatment option when drug therapy is ineffective or the condition is severe. However, it carries a higher risk of craniotomy and potential complications, including tissue damage, postoperative infection, and cognitive impairment [1]. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately target epileptic lesions, not only avoiding the side effects of epilepsy drugs but also protecting the brain tissue of the lesions. Embryonic stem cells are cells with infinite proliferation and multiple differentiation potentials that can be induced to differentiate into any cell type in the body [2, 3]. Several studies have shown that the transplanting of GABAergic interneurons into the brain can reduce the frequency and duration of seizures. This suggests their potential as a powerful anti-seizure treatment [4]. …