Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Community Mental Health Journal 1/2014

01-01-2014 | Original Paper

Employment Specialist Competencies as Predictors of Employment Outcomes

Authors: Amanda C. Taylor, Gary R. Bond

Published in: Community Mental Health Journal | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Employment specialist competencies were examined as predictors of employment outcomes for consumers with serious mental illness participating in supported employment. Self-report and supervisor-rated performance measures from 57 employment specialists were correlated with three consumer employment outcomes (i.e., competitive employment rate, 90-day employment rate, and dropout rate). Employment specialists varied from 0 to 80 % in the competitive employment rates for their caseloads. Supervisor ratings of job performance and employment specialist efficacy, percentage of time in the community, and frequency of contacts with consumers were associated with employment outcomes. Employment specialist self-report measures were unrelated to employment outcomes. Surprisingly, employment specialists with larger caseload sizes had higher employment rates. Employment specialists vary widely in their effectiveness. Behavioral measures and supervisory ratings of employment specialists were most predictive of employment outcomes. Direct observation of employment specialist job performance appears to be the most promising method for identifying competencies predictive of employment outcome.
Literature
go back to reference Baron, R. C. (2000). Best practices in psychosocial rehabilitation. In R. Hughes & D. Weinstein (Eds.), Vocational rehabilitation (pp. 245–263). Columbia, MD: International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services. Baron, R. C. (2000). Best practices in psychosocial rehabilitation. In R. Hughes & D. Weinstein (Eds.), Vocational rehabilitation (pp. 245–263). Columbia, MD: International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services.
go back to reference Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26.CrossRef Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26.CrossRef
go back to reference Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2003). A working life for people with severe mental illness. New York: Oxford Press.CrossRef Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2003). A working life for people with severe mental illness. New York: Oxford Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2011). Measurement of fidelity of implementation of evidence-based practices: Case example of the IPS Fidelity Scale. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18, 126–141. Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2011). Measurement of fidelity of implementation of evidence-based practices: Case example of the IPS Fidelity Scale. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18, 126–141.
go back to reference Bond, G. R., & Drake, R. E. (2008). Predictors of competitive employment among patients with schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 362–369.PubMedCrossRef Bond, G. R., & Drake, R. E. (2008). Predictors of competitive employment among patients with schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 362–369.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Becker, D. R. (2008). An update on randomized controlled trials of evidence-based supported employment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31, 280–290.PubMedCrossRef Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Becker, D. R. (2008). An update on randomized controlled trials of evidence-based supported employment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31, 280–290.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Campbell, K., Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., McHugo, G. J., & Xie, H. (2010). Client predictors of employment outcomes in high-fidelity supported employment: A regression analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 556–563.PubMedCrossRef Campbell, K., Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., McHugo, G. J., & Xie, H. (2010). Client predictors of employment outcomes in high-fidelity supported employment: A regression analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 556–563.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carlson, L. (2008). Evidence-based practice supported employment competencies evaluation. Kansas: University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare. Carlson, L. (2008). Evidence-based practice supported employment competencies evaluation. Kansas: University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare.
go back to reference Catty, J., Lissouba, P., White, S., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioritti, A., et al. (2008). Predictors of employment for people with severe mental illness: Results of an international six-centre RCT. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 224–231.PubMedCrossRef Catty, J., Lissouba, P., White, S., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioritti, A., et al. (2008). Predictors of employment for people with severe mental illness: Results of an international six-centre RCT. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 224–231.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chinman, M. J., Young, A. S., Rowe, M., Forquer, S., Knight, E., & Miller, A. (2003). An instrument to assess competencies of providers treating severe mental illness. Mental Health Services Research, 5(2), 97–108.PubMedCrossRef Chinman, M. J., Young, A. S., Rowe, M., Forquer, S., Knight, E., & Miller, A. (2003). An instrument to assess competencies of providers treating severe mental illness. Mental Health Services Research, 5(2), 97–108.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Danley, K. S., & Mellen, V. (1987). Training and personnel issues for supported employment programs which serve persons who are severely mentally ill. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(2), 87–102. Danley, K. S., & Mellen, V. (1987). Training and personnel issues for supported employment programs which serve persons who are severely mentally ill. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11(2), 87–102.
go back to reference Dreher, K., Bond, G. R., & Becker, D. R. (2010). The creation of the IPS-Q: A measure to assess knowledge of the individual placement and support model. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 33, 181–189.PubMedCrossRef Dreher, K., Bond, G. R., & Becker, D. R. (2010). The creation of the IPS-Q: A measure to assess knowledge of the individual placement and support model. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 33, 181–189.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fabian, E. S., & Coppola, J. (2001). Vocational rehabilitation competencies in psychiatric rehabilitation education. Rehabilitation Education, 15(2), 133–142. Fabian, E. S., & Coppola, J. (2001). Vocational rehabilitation competencies in psychiatric rehabilitation education. Rehabilitation Education, 15(2), 133–142.
go back to reference Fiorentine, R., & Grusky, O. (1990). When case managers manage the seriously mentally ill: A role-contingency approach. Social Service Review, 64, 79–93. Fiorentine, R., & Grusky, O. (1990). When case managers manage the seriously mentally ill: A role-contingency approach. Social Service Review, 64, 79–93.
go back to reference Fixsen, D. L., Naoom, S. F., Blase, K. A., Friedman, R. M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida. Fixsen, D. L., Naoom, S. F., Blase, K. A., Friedman, R. M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.
go back to reference Glover, C. M., & Frounfelker, R. (2011b). Competencies of employment specialists for effective job development. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 14(3), 198–211.CrossRef Glover, C. M., & Frounfelker, R. (2011b). Competencies of employment specialists for effective job development. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 14(3), 198–211.CrossRef
go back to reference Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In I. Mervidlde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press. Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In I. Mervidlde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
go back to reference Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, R., et al. (2006). The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 84–96.CrossRef Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, R., et al. (2006). The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 84–96.CrossRef
go back to reference Gowdy, E. A., Carlson, L. S., & Rapp, C. A. (2003). Practices differentiating high-performing from low-performing supported employment programs. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26, 232–239. Gowdy, E. A., Carlson, L. S., & Rapp, C. A. (2003). Practices differentiating high-performing from low-performing supported employment programs. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26, 232–239.
go back to reference Heppner, M. J., Multon, K. D., Gysbers, N. C., Ellis, C. A., & Zook, C. E. (1998). The relationship of trainee self-efficacy to the process and outcome of career counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 393–402.CrossRef Heppner, M. J., Multon, K. D., Gysbers, N. C., Ellis, C. A., & Zook, C. E. (1998). The relationship of trainee self-efficacy to the process and outcome of career counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 393–402.CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, E., Baker, S. B., Kopala, M., Kiselica, M. S., & Thompson, E. C. (1989). Counseling self-efficacy and counseling competence in prepracticum training. Counselor Education and Supervision, 28, 205–218.CrossRef Johnson, E., Baker, S. B., Kopala, M., Kiselica, M. S., & Thompson, E. C. (1989). Counseling self-efficacy and counseling competence in prepracticum training. Counselor Education and Supervision, 28, 205–218.CrossRef
go back to reference Larson, J. E., Barr, L. K., & Kuwabara, S. A. (2007). Process and outcome analysis of a supported employment program for people with psychiatric disabilities. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 10, 339–353.CrossRef Larson, J. E., Barr, L. K., & Kuwabara, S. A. (2007). Process and outcome analysis of a supported employment program for people with psychiatric disabilities. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 10, 339–353.CrossRef
go back to reference Marrelli, A. F., Tondora, J., & Hoge, M. A. (2005). Strategies for developing competency models. Administration and Policy In Mental Health, 32(5/6), 533–560.PubMed Marrelli, A. F., Tondora, J., & Hoge, M. A. (2005). Strategies for developing competency models. Administration and Policy In Mental Health, 32(5/6), 533–560.PubMed
go back to reference McGurk, S. R., & Mueser, K. T. (2006). Strategies for coping with cognitive impairments of clients in supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 57, 1421–1429.PubMedCrossRef McGurk, S. R., & Mueser, K. T. (2006). Strategies for coping with cognitive impairments of clients in supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 57, 1421–1429.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ridgway, I. R., & Sharpley, C. F. (1990). Multiple measures for the prediction of counsellor trainee effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 24, 165–177. Ridgway, I. R., & Sharpley, C. F. (1990). Multiple measures for the prediction of counsellor trainee effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 24, 165–177.
go back to reference Salyers, M. P., Tsai, J., & Stultz, T. A. (2007). Measuring recovery orientation in a hospital setting. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(2), 131–137.PubMedCrossRef Salyers, M. P., Tsai, J., & Stultz, T. A. (2007). Measuring recovery orientation in a hospital setting. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(2), 131–137.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 262–274.CrossRef Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 262–274.CrossRef
go back to reference Sharpley, C. F., & Ridgway, I. R. (1993). An evaluation of the effectiveness of self-efficacy as a predictor of trainees’ counseling skills and performance. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 21, 73–81. Sharpley, C. F., & Ridgway, I. R. (1993). An evaluation of the effectiveness of self-efficacy as a predictor of trainees’ counseling skills and performance. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 21, 73–81.
go back to reference Swanson, S. J., Becker, D. R., Drake, R., & Merrens, M. R. (2008). Supported employment: A practical guide for practitioners and supervisors. Lebanon, NH: Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center. Swanson, S. J., Becker, D. R., Drake, R., & Merrens, M. R. (2008). Supported employment: A practical guide for practitioners and supervisors. Lebanon, NH: Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center.
go back to reference Tsang, H., Leung, A., Chung, R., Bell, M., & Cheung, W. (2010). Review on vocational predictors: A systematic review of predictors of vocational outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia: An update since 1998. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 495–504.PubMedCrossRef Tsang, H., Leung, A., Chung, R., Bell, M., & Cheung, W. (2010). Review on vocational predictors: A systematic review of predictors of vocational outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia: An update since 1998. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 495–504.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Whitley, R., Kostick, K., & Bush, P. (2010). Desirable characteristics and competencies of supported employment specialists: An empirically-grounded framework. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 37, 509–519.PubMedCrossRef Whitley, R., Kostick, K., & Bush, P. (2010). Desirable characteristics and competencies of supported employment specialists: An empirically-grounded framework. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 37, 509–519.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Young, A. S., Forquer, S., Tran, A., Starzynski, M., & Shatkin, J. (2000). Identifying clinical competencies that support rehabilitation and empowerment in individuals with severe mental illness. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 27(3), 321–333.CrossRef Young, A. S., Forquer, S., Tran, A., Starzynski, M., & Shatkin, J. (2000). Identifying clinical competencies that support rehabilitation and empowerment in individuals with severe mental illness. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 27(3), 321–333.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Employment Specialist Competencies as Predictors of Employment Outcomes
Authors
Amanda C. Taylor
Gary R. Bond
Publication date
01-01-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Community Mental Health Journal / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0010-3853
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2789
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-012-9554-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Community Mental Health Journal 1/2014 Go to the issue