Top

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

Published in:

Open Access 01-10-2021 | Original Article

Empirically Based Classification of Peer Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents: a Latent Class Analysis

Authors: Dóra E. Várnai, Zsolt Horváth, Éva Jármi, Róbert Urbán, Zsolt Demetrovics, Ágnes Németh, Gyöngyi Kökönyei

Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction | Issue 5/2021

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the pattern of traditional- and cyberbullying, and fighting involvement and identify its most important correlates in a nationally representative sample. We analyzed the data of Hungarian 11–18-year-old adolescents in the framework of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study. A latent class analysis was performed first and afterwards a multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine factors explaining class membership. Four latent classes were identified: “high probability involvement in all forms of violence”; “low involvement in any forms of violence”; “predominantly involved in traditional bullying and fighting”; “high engagement in online victimization”. As no clear victim or perpetrator group was identified, a high overlap between these violence involvement statuses is reinforced.

Available only for authorised users

Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: three-step approaches using Mplus. Structural Equation Modeling, 21(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.915181.CrossRef

Bond, L., Carlin, J., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. British Medical Journal, 323(7311), 480–484. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7311.480.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bradshaw, C. P., Waasdorp, T. E., & O’Brennan, L. M. (2013). A latent class approach to examining forms of peer victimization. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 839–849. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032091.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concerns. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Collins, L. M., & Lanza, S. T. (2009). Latent class and latent transition analysis: with applications in the social, behavioral, and health Sciences (1st ed.). Hoboken: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470567333.CrossRef

Cook, C., Williams, K., Guerra, N., Kim, T., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25(2), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020149.CrossRef

Cosma, A., Walsh, S., Chester, K., Callaghan, M., Molcho, M., Craig, W., & Picket, W. (2020). Bullying victimization: time trends and the overlap between traditional and cyberbullying across countries in Europe and North America. International Journal of Public Health, 65, 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01320-2.CrossRefPubMed

Currie, C., Inchley, J., Molcho, M., Lenzi, M., Veselska, Z., & Wild, F. (Eds.). (2014). Health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study protocol: background, methodology and mandatory items for the 2013/14 survey. Saint Andrews: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU).

DeCamp, W., & Newby, B. (2015). From bullied to deviant: the victim-offender overlap among bullying victims. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 13(1), 3–17.CrossRef

Dempsey, A. G., Sulkowski, M. L., Dempsey, J., & Storch, E. A. (2011). Has cyber technology produced a new group of peer aggressors? Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking, 14(5), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0108.CrossRef

Due, P., Holstein, B., Lynch, L., Diderichsen, F., NicGabhain, S., Scheidt, P., et al. (2005). Bullying and symptoms among school aged children: international comparative cross-sectional study in 28 countries. The European Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki105.CrossRefPubMed

Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2004). Why rejection hurts: a common neural alarm system for physical and social pain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(7), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010.CrossRefPubMed

Gini, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2009). Association between bullying and psychosomatic problems, a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 123(3), 1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1215.CrossRefPubMed

Gladden, R. M., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E., & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014). Bullying Surveillance among Youths: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0. Atlanta, GA; National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Department of Education.

Gobina, I., Zaborskis, A., Pudule, I., Kalnins, I., & Villerusa, A. (2008). Bullying and subjective health among adolescents at schools in Latvia and Lithuania. International Journal of Public Health, 53(5), 272–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-008-7041-1.CrossRefPubMed

Gommans, R., Stevens, G. W., Finne, E., Cillessen, A. H., Boniel-Nissim, M., & ter Bogt, T. F. (2015). Frequent electronic media communication with friends is associated with higher substance use. International Journal of Public Health, 60(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0624-0.CrossRefPubMed

Hopkins, L., Taylor, L., Bowen, E., & Wood, C. (2013). A qualitative study investigating adolescents’ understanding of aggression, bullying and violence. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(4), 685–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.01.012.CrossRef

Inchley, J. C., Currie, D. B., Young, T., Samdal, O., Torsheim, T., Augustson, L., ... Barnekow, V. (Eds.) (2016). Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people's health and well-being: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2013/2014 survey. (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents; No. 7). Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Kim, Y., Boyce, W., Koh, Y., & Leventhal, B. (2009). Time trends, trajectories, and demographic predictors of bullying: a prospective study in Korean adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.02.005.CrossRef

Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & Agatson, P. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: bullying in the digital age (2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

Laufer, A., & Harel, Y. (2003). The role of family, peers and school perceptions in predicting involvement in youth violence. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 15(3), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1515/IJAMH.2003.15.3.235.CrossRefPubMed

Leung, L. (2011). Loneliness, social support and preferences for online social interaction: the mediating effects of identity experimentation online among children and adolescents. Chinese Journal of Communication, 4(4), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2011.616285.CrossRef

Lovegrove, P. J., & Cornell, D. (2014). Patterns of bullying and victimization associated with other problem behaviors among high school students: a conditional latent class approach. Journal of Crime and Justice, 37(1), 5–22.CrossRef

Mahady Wilton, M. M., Craig, W. M., & Pepler, D. J. (2000). Emotional regulation and display in classroom victims of bullying: characteristic expressions of affect, coping styles and relevant contextual factors. Social Development, 9(2), 226–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00121.CrossRef

Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., & Calussi, P. (2011). The measurement of cyberbullying: dimensional structure and relative item severity and discrimination. Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking, 14(5), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0002.CrossRef

Molcho, M., Harel, Y., Dina, O., & L. (2004). Substance use and youth violence: a study among 6th-10th Israeli school children. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 16(3), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1515/IJAMH.2004.16.3.239.CrossRefPubMed

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus: statistical analysis with latent variables. User’s guide (8th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.

Nation, M., Vieno, A., Perkins, D., & Santinello, M. (2008). Bullying in school and adolescent sense of empowerment: an analysis of relationships with parents, friends, and teachers. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.921.CrossRef

Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school childen: some basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411–448). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Olweus, D. (1996). The revised Olweus bully/victim questionnaire. Bergen: University of Bergen.

Pepler, D. J., & Craig, W. (2000). Making a difference in bullying. LaMarsh research report (no. 60) York University, Toronto.

Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behaviour, 32(3), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20128.CrossRef

Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Göbel, K., Scheithauer, H., Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Tsorbatzoudis, H., et al. (2015). A comparison of classification approaches for cyberbullying and traditional bullying using data from six European countries. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.961067.CrossRef

Shao, A., Liang, L., Yuan, C., & Bian, Y. (2014). A latent class analysis of bullies, victims and aggressive victims in Chinese adolescence: relations with social and school adjustments. PLoS One, 9(4), e95290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095290.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., & Liefooghe, A. P. D. (2003). Definitions of bullying: a comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen–country international comparison. Child Development, 73(4), 1119–1133.CrossRef

Stadler, C., Feifel, J., Rohrmann, S., Vermeiren, R., & Poustka, F. (2010). Peer-victimization and mental health problems in adolescents: are parental and school support protective? Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0174-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sticca, F., Ruggieri, S., Alsaker, F., & Perren, S. (2013). Longitudinal risk factors for cyberbullying in adolescence. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 23(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2136.CrossRef

Swearer, S., Song, S., Cary, P., Eagle, J., & Mickelson, W. (2001). Psychosocial correlates in bullying and victimization: the relationship between depression, anxiety, and bully/victim status. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2(2–3), 95–121. https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v02n02_07.CrossRef

Vaillancourt, T., McDougall, P., Hymel, S., Krygsman, A., Miller, J., Stiver, K., et al. (2008). Bullying: are researchers and children/youth talking about the same thing? International Journal of Behavioural Development, 32(6), 486–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095553.CrossRef

Vieno, A., Gini, G., & Santinello, M. (2011). Different forms of bullying and their association to smoking and drinking behavior in Italian adolescents. Journal of School Health, 81(7), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00607.x.CrossRef

Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(6), 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.002.CrossRef

Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., Luk, J. W., & Nansel, T. R. (2010). Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying: physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35(10), 1103–1112. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsq048.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang, C., Berry, B., & Swearer, S. M. (2013). The critical role of school climate in effective bullying prevention. Theory Into Practice, 52(4), 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2013.829735.CrossRef

Williford, A. P., Brisson, D., Bender, K. A., Jenson, J. M., & Forrest-Bank, S. (2011). Patterns of aggressive behavior and peer victimization from childhood to early adolescence: a latent class analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(6), 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9583-9.

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.CrossRef

Title: Empirically Based Classification of Peer Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents: a Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Dóra E. Várnai
Zsolt Horváth
Éva Jármi
Róbert Urbán
Zsolt Demetrovics
Ágnes Németh
Gyöngyi Kökönyei
Publication date: 01-10-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 1557-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1882
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00260-w

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Empirically Based Classification of Peer Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents: a Latent Class Analysis

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2021

Internalizing and Externalizing Problems as Risk Factors for Initiation and Progression of E-cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use in the US Youth Population

Outcomes of a Residential and Community-Based Co-occurring Disorders Treatment Program

Clinical-Dynamic Features of Affective Disorders Comorbid with Alcohol Dependence

Psychometric Properties of a Brief Metamemory and Metaconcentration Scale in Substance Use Problem

Percentage and Currency Framing of House-Edge Gambling Warning Labels

Do Adolescents See any Benefit in Accessing Mental Health Services? Results from an Australian Cross-Sectional Study