Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 5/2018

01-10-2018 | Original Article

Emotion Regulation in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Unique Effects for Those with “Taboo Thoughts”

Authors: Noah Chase Berman, Ashley M. Shaw, Sabine Wilhelm

Published in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Issue 5/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) is a modifiable and transdiagnostic construct that has been widely studied across the affective disorders; however, little research has evaluated the relationship between ER and obsessive–compulsive (OC) features (e.g., OC symptom dimensions, OC symptom severity, and obsessive beliefs). The current study therefore evaluates the relationship between ER difficulties and OC features in the largest sample of adults with OCD to date. Participants (N = 57) completed a clinician-administered diagnostic and OC symptom assessment, as well as self-report questionnaires. Results revealed a specific relationship between ER difficulties, the unacceptable thoughts dimension, and obsessive beliefs, even after controlling for co-occurring depressive symptomology. Specifically, patients with “taboo thoughts” and elevated obsessive beliefs experienced greater difficulties accepting unwanted emotions, engaging in goal-directed behaviors when upset, accessing ER strategies, and clarifying emotions. Pending replication with a longitudinal framework, results highlight the utility of integrating emotion regulation modules into typical behavior therapy protocols for patients with unacceptable thoughts. Additional clinical implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.
Literature
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Olatunji, B. O., Wheaton, M. G., Berman, N. C., Losardo, D., … Hale, L. R. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018260.CrossRefPubMed Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Olatunji, B. O., Wheaton, M. G., Berman, N. C., Losardo, D., … Hale, L. R. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 180–198. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​a0018260.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D., & Street, G. (2001). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 683–703.CrossRefPubMed Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D., & Street, G. (2001). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 683–703.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Aldao, A., Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation flexibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(3), 263–278.CrossRef Aldao, A., Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation flexibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(3), 263–278.CrossRef
go back to reference Alonso, P., Menchon, J. M., Pifarre, J., Mataix-Cols, D., Torres, L., Salgado, P., & Vallejo, J. (2001). Long-term follow-up and predictors of clinical outcome in obsessive-compulsive patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behavioral therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(7), 535–540.CrossRefPubMed Alonso, P., Menchon, J. M., Pifarre, J., Mataix-Cols, D., Torres, L., Salgado, P., & Vallejo, J. (2001). Long-term follow-up and predictors of clinical outcome in obsessive-compulsive patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behavioral therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(7), 535–540.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fifth edn.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fifth edn.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef
go back to reference Barlow, D. H., Farchione, T. J., Bullis, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., Latin, H., Sauer-Zavala, S., … Cassiello-Robbins, C. (2017). The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders compared to diagnosis-specific CBT for anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical equivalence trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(9), 875–884.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Barlow, D. H., Farchione, T. J., Bullis, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., Latin, H., Sauer-Zavala, S., … Cassiello-Robbins, C. (2017). The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders compared to diagnosis-specific CBT for anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical equivalence trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(9), 875–884.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Bender, P. K., Pons, F., Harris, P. L., Esbjorn, B. H., & Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L. (2015). Emotion understanding in clinically anxious children: A preliminary investigation. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1916.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bender, P. K., Pons, F., Harris, P. L., Esbjorn, B. H., & Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L. (2015). Emotion understanding in clinically anxious children: A preliminary investigation. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1916.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Berking, M. (2010). The affect regulation training. New York: Springer. Berking, M. (2010). The affect regulation training. New York: Springer.
go back to reference Berking, M., Ebert, D., Cuijpers, P., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 82(4), 234–245.CrossRefPubMed Berking, M., Ebert, D., Cuijpers, P., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 82(4), 234–245.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behavior Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1230–1237.CrossRef Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behavior Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1230–1237.CrossRef
go back to reference Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612.CrossRefPubMed Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Brakoulias, V., Starcevic, V., Berle, D., Milicevic, D., Moses, K., Hannan, A., … Martin, A. (2013). The characteristics of unacceptable/taboo thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(7), 750–757.CrossRefPubMed Brakoulias, V., Starcevic, V., Berle, D., Milicevic, D., Moses, K., Hannan, A., … Martin, A. (2013). The characteristics of unacceptable/taboo thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(7), 750–757.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Campbell-Sills, L., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 542–559). New York: Guilford Press. Campbell-Sills, L., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 542–559). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Consedine, N., Strongman, K., & Magai, C. (2003). Emotions and behavior: Data from a cross-cultural recognition study. Cognition and Emotion, 17(6), 881–902. Consedine, N., Strongman, K., & Magai, C. (2003). Emotions and behavior: Data from a cross-cultural recognition study. Cognition and Emotion, 17(6), 881–902.
go back to reference Corruble, E., Legrand, J. M., Duret, C., Charles, G., & Guelfi, J. D. (1999). IDS-C and IDS-SR: Psychometric properties in depressed in-patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 56(2–3), 95–101.CrossRefPubMed Corruble, E., Legrand, J. M., Duret, C., Charles, G., & Guelfi, J. D. (1999). IDS-C and IDS-SR: Psychometric properties in depressed in-patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 56(2–3), 95–101.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dimidjian, S., Arch, J., Schneider, R., Desormeau, P., Felder, J., & Segal, Z. (2016). Considering meta-analysis, meaning, and metaphor: A systematic review and critical examination of “third wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies. Behavior Therapy, 47(6), 886–905.CrossRefPubMed Dimidjian, S., Arch, J., Schneider, R., Desormeau, P., Felder, J., & Segal, Z. (2016). Considering meta-analysis, meaning, and metaphor: A systematic review and critical examination of “third wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies. Behavior Therapy, 47(6), 886–905.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fergus, T. A., & Bardeen, J. R. (2014). Emotion regulation and obsessive compulsive symptoms: A further examination of associations. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3(3), 243–248.CrossRef Fergus, T. A., & Bardeen, J. R. (2014). Emotion regulation and obsessive compulsive symptoms: A further examination of associations. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3(3), 243–248.CrossRef
go back to reference Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2002). Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: Theory, assessment, and treatment. Oxford: Elsevier. Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2002). Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: Theory, assessment, and treatment. Oxford: Elsevier.
go back to reference Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire—Development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and Individual Differences, 41(6), 1045–1053.CrossRef Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire—Development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and Individual Differences, 41(6), 1045–1053.CrossRef
go back to reference Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Heninger, G. R., & Charney, D. S. (1989a). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. II. Validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1012–1016.CrossRefPubMed Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Heninger, G. R., & Charney, D. S. (1989a). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. II. Validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1012–1016.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., … Charney, D. S. (1989b). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011.CrossRefPubMed Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., … Charney, D. S. (1989b). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 26(1), 41–54.CrossRef Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 26(1), 41–54.CrossRef
go back to reference Hale, L., Strauss, C., & Taylor, B. (2013). The effectiveness and acceptability of mindfulness-based therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of the literature. Mindfulness, 4(4), 375–382.CrossRef Hale, L., Strauss, C., & Taylor, B. (2013). The effectiveness and acceptability of mindfulness-based therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of the literature. Mindfulness, 4(4), 375–382.CrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. W., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168.CrossRefPubMed Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. W., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hershfield, J., & Corboy, T. (2013). The mindfulness workbook for OCD: A guide to overcoming obsessions and compulsions using mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Hershfield, J., & Corboy, T. (2013). The mindfulness workbook for OCD: A guide to overcoming obsessions and compulsions using mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
go back to reference Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24(2), 281–298.CrossRef Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24(2), 281–298.CrossRef
go back to reference Joormann, J., & Stanton, C. H. (2016). Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 86, 35–49.CrossRef Joormann, J., & Stanton, C. H. (2016). Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 86, 35–49.CrossRef
go back to reference LaSalle, V. H., Cromer, K. R., Nelson, K. N., Kazuba, D., Justement, L., & Murphy, D. L. (2004). Diagnostic interview assessed neuropsychiatric disorder comorbidity in 334 individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20009.CrossRefPubMed LaSalle, V. H., Cromer, K. R., Nelson, K. N., Kazuba, D., Justement, L., & Murphy, D. L. (2004). Diagnostic interview assessed neuropsychiatric disorder comorbidity in 334 individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 163–173. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​da.​20009.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Weiller, E., Amorim, P., Bonora, I., Harnett Sheehan, K., … Dunbar, G. C. (1997). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): A short diagnostic structured interview: Reliability and validity according to the CIDI. European Psychiatry, 12(5), 224–231.CrossRef Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Weiller, E., Amorim, P., Bonora, I., Harnett Sheehan, K., … Dunbar, G. C. (1997). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): A short diagnostic structured interview: Reliability and validity according to the CIDI. European Psychiatry, 12(5), 224–231.CrossRef
go back to reference Lee, H. J., Kwon, S., Kwon, J., & Telch, M. J. (2005). Testing the autogenous-reactive model of obsessions. Depression and Anxiety, 21, 118–129.CrossRefPubMed Lee, H. J., Kwon, S., Kwon, J., & Telch, M. J. (2005). Testing the autogenous-reactive model of obsessions. Depression and Anxiety, 21, 118–129.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lee, H. J., & Kwon, S. M. (2003). Two different types of obsession: Autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 41, 11–29.CrossRef Lee, H. J., & Kwon, S. M. (2003). Two different types of obsession: Autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 41, 11–29.CrossRef
go back to reference Mataix-Cols, D., Marks, I. M., Greist, J. H., Kobak, K. A., & Baer, L. (2002). Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions as predictors of compliance with and response to behaviour therapy: Results from a controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 71(5), 255–262.CrossRefPubMed Mataix-Cols, D., Marks, I. M., Greist, J. H., Kobak, K. A., & Baer, L. (2002). Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions as predictors of compliance with and response to behaviour therapy: Results from a controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 71(5), 255–262.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Emotion regulation as an integrative framework for understanding and treating psychopathology. In A. M. Kring & D. S. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 356–379). New York: Guilford Press. Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Emotion regulation as an integrative framework for understanding and treating psychopathology. In A. M. Kring & D. S. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 356–379). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424.CrossRefPubMed Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory–Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behavior Research and Therapy, 43(11), 1527–1542.CrossRef Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory–Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behavior Research and Therapy, 43(11), 1527–1542.CrossRef
go back to reference Öst, L., Havnen, A., Hansen, B., & Kvale, G. (2015). Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993–2014. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 156–169.CrossRefPubMed Öst, L., Havnen, A., Hansen, B., & Kvale, G. (2015). Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993–2014. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 156–169.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pedhazur, E. J. (1982). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction, 3rd Edition. London: Thomas Learning, Inc. Pedhazur, E. J. (1982). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction, 3rd Edition. London: Thomas Learning, Inc.
go back to reference Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36(4), 385–401.CrossRef Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36(4), 385–401.CrossRef
go back to reference Reynolds, S., & Steiner, D. (1998). Why we do not abstract analogue studies of treatment outcome and scale development. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 1, 101–102.CrossRef Reynolds, S., & Steiner, D. (1998). Why we do not abstract analogue studies of treatment outcome and scale development. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 1, 101–102.CrossRef
go back to reference Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., … Keller, M. B. (2003). The 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): A psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 54(5), 573–583.CrossRefPubMed Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., … Keller, M. B. (2003). The 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): A psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 54(5), 573–583.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shafran, R., & Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(6), 879–906.CrossRefPubMed Shafran, R., & Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(6), 879–906.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shaw, A. M., Carbonella, J. Y., Arditte Hall, K. A., & Timpano, K. R. (2017). Obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms: The role of depressive cognitive styles. Journal of Psychology, 151, 532–546.CrossRefPubMed Shaw, A. M., Carbonella, J. Y., Arditte Hall, K. A., & Timpano, K. R. (2017). Obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms: The role of depressive cognitive styles. Journal of Psychology, 151, 532–546.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., … Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl 20), 22–33.PubMed Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., … Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl 20), 22–33.PubMed
go back to reference Shrive, F. M., Stuart, H., Quan, H., & Ghali, W. A. (2006). Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: A comparison of imputation methods. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6, 57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shrive, F. M., Stuart, H., Quan, H., & Ghali, W. A. (2006). Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: A comparison of imputation methods. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6, 57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Siddiqui, O. I. (2015). Methods for computing missing item response in psychometric scale construction. American Journal of Biostatistics, 5(1), 1–6. Siddiqui, O. I. (2015). Methods for computing missing item response in psychometric scale construction. American Journal of Biostatistics, 5(1), 1–6.
go back to reference Sloan, E., Hall, K., Moulding, R., Bryce, S., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P. (2017). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 57, 141–163.CrossRefPubMed Sloan, E., Hall, K., Moulding, R., Bryce, S., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P. (2017). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 57, 141–163.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Trivedi, M. H., Rush, A. J., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Biggs, M. M., Suppes, T., … Kashner, T. M. (2004). The inventory of depressive symptomatology, clinician rating (IDS-C) and self-report (IDS-SR), and the quick inventory of depressive symptomatology, clinician rating (QIDS-C) and self-report (QIDS-SR) in public sector patients with mood disorders: A psychometric evaluation. Psychological Medicine, 34(1), 73–82.CrossRefPubMed Trivedi, M. H., Rush, A. J., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Biggs, M. M., Suppes, T., … Kashner, T. M. (2004). The inventory of depressive symptomatology, clinician rating (IDS-C) and self-report (IDS-SR), and the quick inventory of depressive symptomatology, clinician rating (QIDS-C) and self-report (QIDS-SR) in public sector patients with mood disorders: A psychometric evaluation. Psychological Medicine, 34(1), 73–82.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science, 24, 2505–2514.CrossRefPubMed Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science, 24, 2505–2514.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Twohig, M., Abramowitz, J., Bluett, E., Fabricant, L., Jacoby, R., Morrison, K., … Smith, B. (2015). Exposure therapy for OCD from an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 6, 167–173.CrossRef Twohig, M., Abramowitz, J., Bluett, E., Fabricant, L., Jacoby, R., Morrison, K., … Smith, B. (2015). Exposure therapy for OCD from an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 6, 167–173.CrossRef
go back to reference Wetterneck, C., Steinberg, D., & Hart, J. (2014). Experiential avoidance in symptom dimensions of OCD. Bulletin of Menninger Clinic, 78(3), 253–269.CrossRef Wetterneck, C., Steinberg, D., & Hart, J. (2014). Experiential avoidance in symptom dimensions of OCD. Bulletin of Menninger Clinic, 78(3), 253–269.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Emotion Regulation in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Unique Effects for Those with “Taboo Thoughts”
Authors
Noah Chase Berman
Ashley M. Shaw
Sabine Wilhelm
Publication date
01-10-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Issue 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9911-z

Other articles of this Issue 5/2018

Cognitive Therapy and Research 5/2018 Go to the issue