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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Review

Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

Authors: Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh, Maliheh Entezari, Sepideh Mirzaei, Amirhossein Zabolian, Hossein Saleki, Mohamad Javad Naghdi, Sina Sabet, Mohammad Amin Khoshbakht, Mehrdad Hashemi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Gautam Sethi, Ali Zarrabi, Alan Prem Kumar, Shing Cheng Tan, Marios Papadakis, Athanasios Alexiou, Md Asiful Islam, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Milad Ashrafizadeh

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer progression and therapy. We discuss how exosomes are able to modulate components of the tumor microenvironment and influence proliferation and migration rates of cancer cells. We also highlight that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression and can enhance or reduce cancer cell response to radio- and chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe how exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by focusing on their ability to transfer non-coding RNAs between cells and modulate other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN and PI3K/Akt in cancer. Subsequently, we discuss the use of exosomes as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. We then discuss the role of tumor-derived exosomes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we devote a section to the study of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical courses that is important for the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in cancer therapy, focusing on their therapeutic value in cancer progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.

Graphical Abstract

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Metadata
Title
Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling
Authors
Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
Maliheh Entezari
Sepideh Mirzaei
Amirhossein Zabolian
Hossein Saleki
Mohamad Javad Naghdi
Sina Sabet
Mohammad Amin Khoshbakht
Mehrdad Hashemi
Kiavash Hushmandi
Gautam Sethi
Ali Zarrabi
Alan Prem Kumar
Shing Cheng Tan
Marios Papadakis
Athanasios Alexiou
Md Asiful Islam
Ebrahim Mostafavi
Milad Ashrafizadeh
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-022-01305-4

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