Top

Published in:

01-08-2004 | Original Article

Effects of strength, endurance and combined training on myosin heavy chain content and fibre-type distribution in humans

Authors: Charles T. Putman, Xinhao Xu, Ellen Gillies, Ian M. MacLean, Gordon J. Bell

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 4-5/2004

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of strength training, endurance training, and combined strength plus endurance training on fibre-type transitions, fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and MHC isoform content of the vastus lateralis muscle. Forty volunteers (24 males and 16 females) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (C), endurance training (E), strength training (S), or concurrent strength and endurance training (SE). The S and E groups each trained three times a week for 12 weeks; the SE group performed the same S and E training on alternate days. The development of knee extensor muscle strength was S>SE>E (P<0.05) and has been reported elsewhere. The reduction in knee extensor strength development in SE as compared to S corresponded to a 6% increase in MHCIIa content (P<0.05) in SE at the expense of the faster MHCIId(x) isoform (P<0.05), as determined by electrophoretic analyses; reductions in MHCIId/x content after S or E training were attenuated by comparison. Both S and SE induced three- to fourfold reductions (P<0.05) in the proportion of type IIA/IID(X) hybrid fibres. S also induced fourfold increases in the proportion of type I/IIA hybrid fibres within both genders, and in a population of fibres expressing a type I/IID(X) hybrid phenotype within the male subjects. Type I/IIA hybrid fibres were not detected after SE. Both S and SE training paradigms induced similar increases (16–19%, P<0.05) in the CSA of type IIA fibres. In contrast, the increase in CSA of type I fibres was 2.9-fold greater (P<0.05) in S as compared to SE after 12 weeks. We conclude that the interference of knee extensor strength development in SE versus S was related to greater fast-to-slow fibre-type transitions and attenuated hypertrophy of type I fibres. Data are given as mean (SEM) unless otherwise stated.

Abernethy PJ, Jurimae J, Logan PA, Taylor AW, Thayer RE (1994) Acute and chronic responses of skeletal muscle to resistance exercise: a review. Sports Med 17:22–38PubMed

Adams GR, Hather BM, Baldwin KM, Dudley GA (1993) Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain composition and resistance training. J Appl Physiol 74:911–915PubMed

Allen DL, Leinwand LA (2002) Intracellular calcium and myosin isoform transitions. Calcineurin and calcium-calmodulin kinase pathways regulated preferential activation of the IIa myosin heavy chain promoter. J Biol Chem 277:45323–45330CrossRefPubMed

Bell GJ, Syrotuik D, Martin TP, Burnham R, Quinny HA (2000) Effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle properties and hormone concentrations. Eur J Appl Physiol 81:418–427CrossRefPubMed

Bergstrom J (1975) Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in physiological and clinical research. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 35:609–616PubMed

Bottinelli R, Canepari M, Pellegrino MA, Reggiani C (1996) Force-velocity properties of human skeletal muscle fibres: myosin heavy chain isoform and temperature dependence. J Physiol (Lond) 495:573–586

Bottinelli R, Pellegrino MA, Canepari M, Rossi R, Reggiani C (1999) Specific contributions of various muscle fibre types to human muscle performance: an in vitro study. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 9:87–95CrossRefPubMed

Caiozzo VJ (2002) Plasticity of skeletal muscle phenotype: mechanical consequences. Muscle Nerve 26:740–768CrossRefPubMed

Caiozzo VJ, Baker MJ, Huang K, Chou H, Wu YZ, Baldwin KM (2003) Single-fiber myosin heavy chain polymorphism: how many patterns and what proportions? Am J Physiol 285:R570–R580

Carter SL, Rennie CD, Hamilton SJ, Tarnopolsky M (2001) Changes in skeletal muscle in males and females following endurance training. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 79:386–392CrossRefPubMed

Dunn SE, Chin ER, Michel RN (2000) Matching of calcineurin activity to upstream effectors is critical for skeletal muscle fiber growth. J Cell Biol 151:663–672CrossRefPubMed

Düsterhöft S, Putman CT, Pette D (1999) Changes in FGF and FGF receptor expression in low-frequency-stimulated rat muscles and rat satellite cell cultures. Differentiation 65:203–208CrossRefPubMed

Fitzsimons DP, Diffee GM, Herrick RE, Baldwin KM (1990) Effects of endurance exercise on isomyosin patterns in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles. J Appl Physiol 68:1950–1955PubMed

Galler S, Hilber K, Pette D (1997) Stretch activation and myosin heavy chain isoforms of rat, rabbit and human skeletal muscle fibres. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 18:441–448CrossRefPubMed

Gallo ME, Gordon T, Tyreman N, Shu Y, Putman CT (2004) Comparison of isolated isometric function measures in rat muscles composed of different fibre types. Exp Physiol (in press)

Goldspink G (1998) Selective gene expression during adaptation of muscle in response to different physiological demands. Comp Biochem Physiol B 120:5–15CrossRefPubMed

Goldspink G (1999) Changes in muscle mass and phenotype and the expression of autocrine and systemic growth factors by muscle in response to stretch and overload. J Anat 194:323–334CrossRefPubMed

Gur H, Gransberg L, van Dyke D, Knutsson E, Larsson L (2003) Relationship between in vivo muscle force at different speeds of isokinetic movements and myosin isoform expression in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 88:487–496PubMed

Haddad F, Qin AX, Zeng M, McCue SA, Baldwin KM (1998) Effects of isometric training on skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression. J Appl Physiol 84:2036–2041PubMed

Harridge SD, Bottinelli R, Canepari M, Pellegrino M, Reggiani C, Esbjornsson M, Balsom PD, Saltin B (1998) Sprint training, in vitro and in vivo muscle function, and myosin heavy chain expression. J Appl Physiol 84:442–449PubMed

Hostler D, Schwirian CI, Toma K, Crill MT, Hagerman GR, Hagerman FC, Staron RS (2001) Skeletal muscle adaptations in elastic resistance-trained young men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 86:112–118CrossRefPubMed

Kadi F, Thornell LE (1999) Training affects myosin heavy chain phenotype in the trapezius muscle of women. Histochem Cell Biol 112:73–78CrossRefPubMed

Kraemer WJ, Patton JF, Gordon SE, Harman EA, Deschenes MR, Reynolds K, Newton RU, Triplett NT, Dziados JE (1995) Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptation. J Appl Physiol 78:976–989PubMed

Leveritt M, Abernethy PJ, Barry BK, Logan PA (1999) Concurrent strength and endurance training. A review. Sports Med 28:413–427PubMed

McCall GE, Byrnes WC, Dickinson A, Pattany PM, Fleck SJ (1996) Muscle fiber hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and capillary density in college men after resistance training. J Appl Physiol 81:2004–2012PubMed

McCarthy JP, Agre JC, Graf BK, Pozniak MA, Vailas AC (1995) Compatibility of adaptive responses with combined strength and endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:429–436PubMed

McCarthy JP, Pozniak MA, Agre JC (2002) Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent resistance and endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:511–519CrossRefPubMed

Mckoy G, Ashley W, Mander J, Yang SY, Williams N, Russell B, Goldspink G (1999) Expression of insulin growth factor-1 splice variants and structural genes in rabbit skeletal muscle induced by stretch and stimulation. J Physiol (Lond) 516:583–592

Pette D (2002) The adaptive potential of skeletal muscle fibers. Can J Appl Physiol 27:423–448PubMed

Pette D, Staron RS (1997) Mammalian skeletal muscle fiber type transitions. Int Rev Cytol 170:143–223PubMed

Pette D, Sketelj J, Skorjanc D, Leisner E, Traub I, Bajrovic F (2002) Partial fast-to-slow conversion of regenerating rat fast-twitch muscle by chronic low-frequency stimulation. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 23:215–221CrossRefPubMed

Putman CT, Jones NL, Lands LC, Bragg TM, Hollidge-Horvat MG, Heigenhauser GJ (1995) Skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity during maximal exercise in humans. Am J Physiol 269:E458–E468

Putman CT, Conjard A, Peuker H, Pette D (1999) Alpha-cardiac like myosin heavy chain MHCI-alpha is not upregulated in transforming rat muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 20:155–162CrossRefPubMed

Putman CT, Düsterhöft S, Pette D (2000) Satellite cell proliferation in low-frequency stimulated fast muscle of hypothyroid rat. Am J Physiol 279:C682–C690

Putman CT, Kiricsi M, Pearcey J, MacLean IM, Bamford JA, Murdoch GK, Dixon WT, Pette D (2003) AMPK activation increases UCP-3 expression and mitochondrial enzyme activities in rat muscle without fibre type transitions. J Physiol (Lond) 551:169–178

Reggiani C, Potma EJ, Bottinelli R, Canepari M, Pellegrino MA, Stienen GJ (1997) Chemo-mechanical energy transduction in relation to myosin isoform composition in skeletal muscle fibres of the rat. J Physiol (Lond) 502:449–460

Reichmann H, Srihari T, Pette D (1983) Ipsi- and contralateral fibre transformations by cross-reinnervation. A principle of symmetry. Pflugers Arch 397:202–208PubMed

Shoepe TC, Stelzer JE, Garner DP, Widrick JJ (2003) Functional adaptability of muscle fibers to long-term resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:944–951PubMed

Simoneau J-A, Lortie G, Marcotte M, Thibault M-C, Bouchard C (1985) Human skeletal muscle fiber type alteration with high-intensity intermittent training. Eur J Appl Physiol 54:250–253

Sipila S, Elorinne M, Alen M, Suominen H, Kovanen V (1997) Effects of strength and endurance training on muscle fibre characteristics in elderly women. Clin Physiol 17:459–474CrossRefPubMed

Staron RS, Malicky ES, Leonardi MJ, Falkel JE, Hagerman FC, Dudley GA (1989) Muscle hypertrophy and fast fiber type conversions in heavy resistance- trained women. Eur J Appl Physiol 60:71–79

Staron RS, Leonardi MJ, Karapondo DL, Malicky ES, Falkel JE, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS (1991) Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining. J Appl Physiol 70:631–640PubMed

Staron RS, Karapondo DL, Kraemer WJ, Fry AC, Gordon SE, Falkel JE, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS (1994) Skeletal muscle adaptations during early phase of heavy-resistance training in men and women. J Appl Physiol 76:1247–1255PubMed

Stienen GJ, Kiers JL, Bottinelli R, Reggiani C (1996) Myofibrillar ATPase activity in skinned human skeletal muscle fibres: fibre type and temperature dependence. J Physiol (Lond) 493:299–307

Sultan KR, Dittrich BT, Leisner E, Paul N, Pette D (2001) Fiber type specific expression of major proteolytic systems in fast- to slow-transforming rabbit muscle. Am J Physiol 280:C239–C247

Widrick JJ, Stelzer JE, Shoepe TC, Garner DP(2002) Functional properties of human muscle fibers after short-term resistance exercise training. Am J Physiol 283:R408–R416

Yang H, Alnaqeeb M, Simpson H, Goldspink G (1997) Changes in muscle fibre type, muscle mass and IGF-I gene expression in rabbit skeletal muscle subjected to stretch. J Anat 190:613–622CrossRefPubMed

Title: Effects of strength, endurance and combined training on myosin heavy chain content and fibre-type distribution in humans
Authors: Charles T. Putman
Xinhao Xu
Ellen Gillies
Ian M. MacLean
Gordon J. Bell
Publication date: 01-08-2004
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 4-5/2004
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1104-7

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Effects of strength, endurance and combined training on myosin heavy chain content and fibre-type distribution in humans

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4-5/2004

Interactions between temperature and human leptin physiology in vivo and in vitro

Mechanomyographic responses in human biceps brachii and soleus during sustained isometric contraction

Energetics of karate kumite

Fatigue and optimal conditions for short-term work capacity

Postural control in athletes participating in an ironman triathlon

The effects of a single bout of exercise on resting energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio