Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies 3/2011

01-09-2011 | Original Paper

Effects of Personality and Gender on Fantasy Sports Game Participation: The Moderating Role of Perceived Knowledge

Authors: Woo-Young Lee, Dae Hee Kwak, Choonghoon Lim, Paul M. Pedersen, Kimberly S. Miloch

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 3/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Although 30 million individuals are engaged in fantasy sports games in the United States, little is known about the personality, attitudes, and intentions of fantasy sports game participants. This study (N = 244) explored the role of gender, sensation seeking (SS), locus of control (LOC), and need for cognition (NFC) in predicting attitudes and intentions relative to participating in fantasy football league. A domain-specific construct (e.g., perceived football knowledge: PK) was employed as a moderator to control the potential attenuating effects of personality and related human behavior. A moderated multiple regression technique (MMR) examined the first-order and lower-order interaction effects on attitudes and behavioral intentions toward fantasy games. For males (n = 123), SS, LOC, and PK were related to both attitudes and intentions toward participating and PK acted as a moderator between LOC and intentions. For females (n = 121), none of the personality traits was associated with attitudes or intentions. The applied and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed along with future directions for research.
Literature
go back to reference Aasved, M. (2002). The psychodynamics and psychology of gambling: The gambler’s mind. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. Aasved, M. (2002). The psychodynamics and psychology of gambling: The gambler’s mind. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
go back to reference Anderson, G., & Brown, R. I. (1984). Real and laboratory gambling, sensation seeking and arousal. British Journal of Psychology, 75(3), 401–410.PubMedCrossRef Anderson, G., & Brown, R. I. (1984). Real and laboratory gambling, sensation seeking and arousal. British Journal of Psychology, 75(3), 401–410.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bernhard, B. J., & Eade, V. H. (2005). Gambling in a fantasy world: An exploratory study of rotisserie baseball games. UNLV Gaming research & Review Journal, 9(1), 29–42. Bernhard, B. J., & Eade, V. H. (2005). Gambling in a fantasy world: An exploratory study of rotisserie baseball games. UNLV Gaming research & Review Journal, 9(1), 29–42.
go back to reference Bosnjak, M., Galesic, M., & Tuten, T. (2007). Personality determinants of online shopping: Explaining online purchase intentions using a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 60(6), 597–605.CrossRef Bosnjak, M., Galesic, M., & Tuten, T. (2007). Personality determinants of online shopping: Explaining online purchase intentions using a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 60(6), 597–605.CrossRef
go back to reference Breen, R. B., & Zuckerman, M. (1999). ‘Chasing’ in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(6), 1097–1111.CrossRef Breen, R. B., & Zuckerman, M. (1999). ‘Chasing’ in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(6), 1097–1111.CrossRef
go back to reference Browne, B. A., & Brown, D. J. (1994). Predictors of lottery gambling among American college students. Journal of Social Psychology, 134(3), 339–347.PubMedCrossRef Browne, B. A., & Brown, D. J. (1994). Predictors of lottery gambling among American college students. Journal of Social Psychology, 134(3), 339–347.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1–16.CrossRef Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1–16.CrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116–131.CrossRef Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116–131.CrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306–307.PubMedCrossRef Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306–307.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral science. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral science. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Coventry, K. R., & Brown, I. F. (1993). Sensation seeking, gambling, and gambling addictions. Addiction, 88(4), 541–554.PubMedCrossRef Coventry, K. R., & Brown, I. F. (1993). Sensation seeking, gambling, and gambling addictions. Addiction, 88(4), 541–554.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Coventry, K. R., & Constable, B. (1999). Physiological arousal and sensation-seeking in female fruit machine gamblers. Addiction, 94(3), 425–430.PubMedCrossRef Coventry, K. R., & Constable, B. (1999). Physiological arousal and sensation-seeking in female fruit machine gamblers. Addiction, 94(3), 425–430.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Coventry, K. R., & Norman, A. C. (1998). Arousal, erroneous verbalizations and the illusion of control during a computer-generated gambling task. British Journal of Psychology, 89(4), 629–645.CrossRef Coventry, K. R., & Norman, A. C. (1998). Arousal, erroneous verbalizations and the illusion of control during a computer-generated gambling task. British Journal of Psychology, 89(4), 629–645.CrossRef
go back to reference Davidson, N. (2002). Internet gambling: Should fantasy sports leagues be prohibited? San Diego Law Review, 39(1), 201–268. Davidson, N. (2002). Internet gambling: Should fantasy sports leagues be prohibited? San Diego Law Review, 39(1), 201–268.
go back to reference Davis, N. W., & Duncan, M. C. (2006). Sport knowledge is power: Reinforcing masculine privilege through fantasy sport league participation. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 30(3), 244–264.CrossRef Davis, N. W., & Duncan, M. C. (2006). Sport knowledge is power: Reinforcing masculine privilege through fantasy sport league participation. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 30(3), 244–264.CrossRef
go back to reference Delfabbro, P. H., & Winefield, A. H. (2000). Predictors of irrational thinking in regular slot machine gamblers. Journal of Psychology, 134(2), 117–128.PubMedCrossRef Delfabbro, P. H., & Winefield, A. H. (2000). Predictors of irrational thinking in regular slot machine gamblers. Journal of Psychology, 134(2), 117–128.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dickerson, M., & Baron, E. (2000). Contemporary issues and future directions for research into pathological correlates of off-course betting involvement. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(2), 165–182.CrossRef Dickerson, M., & Baron, E. (2000). Contemporary issues and future directions for research into pathological correlates of off-course betting involvement. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(2), 165–182.CrossRef
go back to reference Dickerson, M., Hinchy, J., & Fabre, J. (1987). Chasing, arousal and sensation seeking in off-course gamblers. British Journal of Addition, 82(6), 665–672.CrossRef Dickerson, M., Hinchy, J., & Fabre, J. (1987). Chasing, arousal and sensation seeking in off-course gamblers. British Journal of Addition, 82(6), 665–672.CrossRef
go back to reference Dickerson, M., Walker, M., England, S. L., & Hinchy, J. (1990). Demographic, personality, cognitive and behavioral correlates of off-course betting involvement. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(2), 165–182.CrossRef Dickerson, M., Walker, M., England, S. L., & Hinchy, J. (1990). Demographic, personality, cognitive and behavioral correlates of off-course betting involvement. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(2), 165–182.CrossRef
go back to reference Dixon, M. R. (2000). Manipulating the illusion of control: Variations in gambling as a function of perceived control over change outcomes. Psychological Record, 50(4), 705–729. Dixon, M. R. (2000). Manipulating the illusion of control: Variations in gambling as a function of perceived control over change outcomes. Psychological Record, 50(4), 705–729.
go back to reference Fantasy Sports Trade Association. (2009). 2009 fantasy sports industry research overview. Martinez, CA. Fantasy Sports Trade Association. (2009). 2009 fantasy sports industry research overview. Martinez, CA.
go back to reference Fisher, E. (2007a). Women fuel NASCAR’s fantasy growth. SportsBusiness Journal, 10(1), 1. Fisher, E. (2007a). Women fuel NASCAR’s fantasy growth. SportsBusiness Journal, 10(1), 1.
go back to reference Fisher, E. (2007b). Strength in numbers: Acquisitions, affiliations sweep through fantasy industry as providers aim for scale. SportsBusiness Journal, 10(29), 19. Fisher, E. (2007b). Strength in numbers: Acquisitions, affiliations sweep through fantasy industry as providers aim for scale. SportsBusiness Journal, 10(29), 19.
go back to reference Fisher, E. (2008). No fantasy: Big numbers expected. SportsBusiness Journal, 11(12), 7. Fisher, E. (2008). No fantasy: Big numbers expected. SportsBusiness Journal, 11(12), 7.
go back to reference Griffiths, M. (1999). Gambling technologies: Prospects for problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(3), 265–283.PubMedCrossRef Griffiths, M. (1999). Gambling technologies: Prospects for problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(3), 265–283.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. C. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. C. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Haugtvedt, C. P., Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1992). Need for cognition and advertising: Understanding the role of personality variables in consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(3), 239–260.CrossRef Haugtvedt, C. P., Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1992). Need for cognition and advertising: Understanding the role of personality variables in consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(3), 239–260.CrossRef
go back to reference Haynes, C. A., Miles, J. V., & Clements, K. (2000). A confirmatory factor analysis of two models of sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(5), 823–839.CrossRef Haynes, C. A., Miles, J. V., & Clements, K. (2000). A confirmatory factor analysis of two models of sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(5), 823–839.CrossRef
go back to reference Jusko, K. L., & Shively, P. W. (2005). Applying a two-step strategy to the analysis of cross-national public opinion data. Political Analysis, 13(3), 327–344.CrossRef Jusko, K. L., & Shively, P. W. (2005). Applying a two-step strategy to the analysis of cross-national public opinion data. Political Analysis, 13(3), 327–344.CrossRef
go back to reference Kassarjian, H. H., & Sheffet, M. J. (1991). Personality and consumer behavior: An update. In H. H. Kassarjian & T. S. Robertson (Eds.), Perspectives in consumer behavior (4th ed., pp. 281–303). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kassarjian, H. H., & Sheffet, M. J. (1991). Personality and consumer behavior: An update. In H. H. Kassarjian & T. S. Robertson (Eds.), Perspectives in consumer behavior (4th ed., pp. 281–303). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Kassinove, J. I. (1998). Development of the gambling attitude scales: Preliminary findings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(6), 763–771.PubMedCrossRef Kassinove, J. I. (1998). Development of the gambling attitude scales: Preliminary findings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(6), 763–771.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kelly, J. M. (2008). Living in a fantasy. Gaming Law Review and Economics, 12(4), 310–317.CrossRef Kelly, J. M. (2008). Living in a fantasy. Gaming Law Review and Economics, 12(4), 310–317.CrossRef
go back to reference Kempf, D. S. (1999). Attitude formation from product trial: Distinct roles of cognition and affect for hedonic and functional products. Psychology & Marketing, 16(1), 35–50.CrossRef Kempf, D. S. (1999). Attitude formation from product trial: Distinct roles of cognition and affect for hedonic and functional products. Psychology & Marketing, 16(1), 35–50.CrossRef
go back to reference King, K. M. (1990). Neutralizing marginally deviant behavior: Bingo players and superstition. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(1), 43–61.CrossRef King, K. M. (1990). Neutralizing marginally deviant behavior: Bingo players and superstition. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(1), 43–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Kwak, D., Lim, C., Lee, W., & Mahan, J. E. (2010). How confident are you to win your fantasy league: Exploring the antecedents and consequences of winning expectancy. Journal of Sport Management, 24(4), 416–433. Kwak, D., Lim, C., Lee, W., & Mahan, J. E. (2010). How confident are you to win your fantasy league: Exploring the antecedents and consequences of winning expectancy. Journal of Sport Management, 24(4), 416–433.
go back to reference Ladouceur, R. (2004). Gambling: The hidden addiction. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(8), 501–503. Ladouceur, R. (2004). Gambling: The hidden addiction. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(8), 501–503.
go back to reference Lester, D. (1980). Choice of gambling activity and belief in locus of control. Psychology Reports, 47(1), 22. Lester, D. (1980). Choice of gambling activity and belief in locus of control. Psychology Reports, 47(1), 22.
go back to reference Liberman, N. (2001). NFL looks hard at fantasy games, links to odds. SportsBusiness Journal, 4(21), 21. Liberman, N. (2001). NFL looks hard at fantasy games, links to odds. SportsBusiness Journal, 4(21), 21.
go back to reference Lyons, B., & Henderson, K. (2005). Opinion leadership in a computer-mediated environment. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 4(5), 319–329.CrossRef Lyons, B., & Henderson, K. (2005). Opinion leadership in a computer-mediated environment. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 4(5), 319–329.CrossRef
go back to reference Mackenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: A test of competing explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(2), 130–143.CrossRef Mackenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: A test of competing explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(2), 130–143.CrossRef
go back to reference McDaniel, S. R., Lee, S. C., & Lim, C. (2000). Re-examining the relationship between fantasy and optimum stimulation levels. Cognition and Personality, 20(4), 347–354. McDaniel, S. R., Lee, S. C., & Lim, C. (2000). Re-examining the relationship between fantasy and optimum stimulation levels. Cognition and Personality, 20(4), 347–354.
go back to reference McDaniel, S. R., & Mahan, J. E. (2009). An examination of the ImpSS scale as a valid and reliable alternative to the SSS-V in optimum stimulation level research. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1528–1538.CrossRef McDaniel, S. R., & Mahan, J. E. (2009). An examination of the ImpSS scale as a valid and reliable alternative to the SSS-V in optimum stimulation level research. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1528–1538.CrossRef
go back to reference McDaniel, S. R., & Zuckerman, M. (2003). The relationship of impulsive sensation seeking and gender to interest and participation in gambling activities. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(6), 1385–1401.CrossRef McDaniel, S. R., & Zuckerman, M. (2003). The relationship of impulsive sensation seeking and gender to interest and participation in gambling activities. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(6), 1385–1401.CrossRef
go back to reference Moore, S. M., & Ohtsuka, K. (1999). Beliefs about control over gambling among young people, and their relation to problem gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 13(4), 339–347.CrossRef Moore, S. M., & Ohtsuka, K. (1999). Beliefs about control over gambling among young people, and their relation to problem gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 13(4), 339–347.CrossRef
go back to reference Moorman, A. M. (2008). Fantasy sports leagues challenged as illegal gambling. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(4), 232–233. Moorman, A. M. (2008). Fantasy sports leagues challenged as illegal gambling. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(4), 232–233.
go back to reference Petry, N. M. (2003). A comparison of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers based on preferred gambling activity. Addiction, 98(5), 645–655.PubMedCrossRef Petry, N. M. (2003). A comparison of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers based on preferred gambling activity. Addiction, 98(5), 645–655.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Potenza, M. N., Steinberg, M. A., McLaughlin, S. D., Wu, R., Rounsaville, B. J., & O’Malley, S. O. (2001). Gender-related differences in the characteristics of problem gamblers using a gambling helpline. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(9), 1500–1505.PubMedCrossRef Potenza, M. N., Steinberg, M. A., McLaughlin, S. D., Wu, R., Rounsaville, B. J., & O’Malley, S. O. (2001). Gender-related differences in the characteristics of problem gamblers using a gambling helpline. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(9), 1500–1505.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ranyard, R., & Charlton, J. P. (2006). Cognitive processes underlying lottery and sports gambling decisions: The role of stated probabilities and background knowledge. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18(2), 234–254.CrossRef Ranyard, R., & Charlton, J. P. (2006). Cognitive processes underlying lottery and sports gambling decisions: The role of stated probabilities and background knowledge. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18(2), 234–254.CrossRef
go back to reference Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1–28.PubMed Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1–28.PubMed
go back to reference Roy, D. P., & Goss, E. D. (2007). A conceptual framework of influences on fantasy sports consumption. Marketing Management Journal, 17(2), 96–108. Roy, D. P., & Goss, E. D. (2007). A conceptual framework of influences on fantasy sports consumption. Marketing Management Journal, 17(2), 96–108.
go back to reference Siu, O. (2003). Job Stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of Chinese work values and organizational commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38(6), 337–347.CrossRef Siu, O. (2003). Job Stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of Chinese work values and organizational commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38(6), 337–347.CrossRef
go back to reference Stein, M. C. (2009, August 28). Will fantasy sports always be exempted from gambling law? Don’t bet on it. Sports Litigation Alert, p. 6. Stein, M. C. (2009, August 28). Will fantasy sports always be exempted from gambling law? Don’t bet on it. Sports Litigation Alert, p. 6.
go back to reference Suh, Y., Lim, C., Kwak, D., & Pedersen, P. M. (2010). Examining the psychological factors associated with involvement in fantasy sports: An analysis of participants’ motivations and constraints. International Journal of Sport management, Recreation & Tourism, in press. Suh, Y., Lim, C., Kwak, D., & Pedersen, P. M. (2010). Examining the psychological factors associated with involvement in fantasy sports: An analysis of participants’ motivations and constraints. International Journal of Sport management, Recreation & Tourism, in press.
go back to reference Voss, K. E., Spangenberg, E. R., & Grohmann, B. (2003). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(3), 310–320.CrossRef Voss, K. E., Spangenberg, E. R., & Grohmann, B. (2003). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(3), 310–320.CrossRef
go back to reference Walker, M. B. (1992). The psychology of gambling. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon. Walker, M. B. (1992). The psychology of gambling. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
go back to reference Webley, P., Rogers, P., Coups, E., & Haddock, G. (1997). It could be UK! Predictors and correlates of participation in the National Lottery. In I. Quintanilla Pardo (Ed.), The 22nd IAREP Colloquium (pp. 173–183). Valencia: Promolibro. Webley, P., Rogers, P., Coups, E., & Haddock, G. (1997). It could be UK! Predictors and correlates of participation in the National Lottery. In I. Quintanilla Pardo (Ed.), The 22nd IAREP Colloquium (pp. 173–183). Valencia: Promolibro.
go back to reference West, S. G., Aiken, L. S., & Krull, J. L. (1996). Experimental personality design: Analyzing categorical by continuous variable interaction. Journal of Personality, 64(1), 1–48.PubMedCrossRef West, S. G., Aiken, L. S., & Krull, J. L. (1996). Experimental personality design: Analyzing categorical by continuous variable interaction. Journal of Personality, 64(1), 1–48.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wolfgang, A. K. (1988). Gambling as a function of gender and sensation seeking. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4(2), 71–77.CrossRef Wolfgang, A. K. (1988). Gambling as a function of gender and sensation seeking. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4(2), 71–77.CrossRef
go back to reference Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Zuckerman, M. (1996). Item revisions in the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS-V). Personality and Individual Differences, 20(4), 515.CrossRef Zuckerman, M. (1996). Item revisions in the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS-V). Personality and Individual Differences, 20(4), 515.CrossRef
go back to reference Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D. M., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The big three, the big five and the alternative five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 757–768.CrossRef Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D. M., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The big three, the big five and the alternative five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 757–768.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Effects of Personality and Gender on Fantasy Sports Game Participation: The Moderating Role of Perceived Knowledge
Authors
Woo-Young Lee
Dae Hee Kwak
Choonghoon Lim
Paul M. Pedersen
Kimberly S. Miloch
Publication date
01-09-2011
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 3/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9218-9

Other articles of this Issue 3/2011

Journal of Gambling Studies 3/2011 Go to the issue