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Clinical Oral Investigations
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations 4/2019

01-04-2019 | Original Article

Effects of oral prophylaxis including tongue cleaning on halitosis and gingival inflammation in gingivitis patients—a randomized controlled clinical trial

Authors: Buket Acar, Ezel Berker, Çağman Tan, Yağmur D. İlarslan, Meryem Tekçiçek, İlhan Tezcan

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 4/2019

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of oral prophylaxis including tongue scraping on level of halitosis, clinical periodontal parameters and local cytokine response in gingivitis patients.

Materials and methods

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 36 gingivitis patients were randomly assigned into two subgroups after scaling and polishing. Group 1 received oral hygiene instructions including the use of tongue scraper; group 2 received oral hygiene instructions alone without tongue cleaning. Levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), organoleptic and tongue coating scores, clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and 7 days after oral prophylaxis. GCF samples were analyzed using multiplexing analysis for the simultaneous measurements of cytokines. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and Student’s paired and unpaired t tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Statistically significant reductions were found in terms of clinical periodontal parameters in both groups. However, significant improvements in VSC levels, organoleptic and tongue coating scores were observed just in tongue scraping group. Moreover, the GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-8 significantly decreased after the treatment in group 1 according to the baseline values.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that oral prophylaxis including tongue scraping was effective in improving intra-oral halitosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine response in GCF in gingivitis patients.

Clinical relevance

The results suggest that tongue scraping can be taken into consideration in order to manage gingival inflammation as well as VSC levels in gingivitis patients but further clinical studies are required to judge the clinical relevance.
Footnotes
1
Michigan O Color- Coded Probe, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL
 
2
Curaprox CTC 201, Curaden AG, Kriens, Switzerland
 
3
Sensonics Inc., Haddon Heights, NJ, USA
 
4
Halimeter®, Interscan Corp., Chatsworth, CA
 
5
Periopaper® Amityville, NY, USA
 
6
Periotron 8000® OraFlow, Amityville, NY
 
7
Luminex™, Cytokine Human, Invitrogen Corp., Carsbad, CA
 
8
MasterPlex® QT, Hitachi, San Bruno, CA
 
9
IBM corporation, NY, USA
 
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Metadata
Title
Effects of oral prophylaxis including tongue cleaning on halitosis and gingival inflammation in gingivitis patients—a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors
Buket Acar
Ezel Berker
Çağman Tan
Yağmur D. İlarslan
Meryem Tekçiçek
İlhan Tezcan
Publication date
01-04-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2617-5

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