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Published in: Trials 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Study protocol

Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove intervention on pollutant exposure and adult cardiopulmonary outcomes (CHAP): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio, Dina Goodman, Josiah L. Kephart, Catherine H. Miele, Kendra N. Williams, Mitra Moazzami, Elizabeth C. Fung, Kirsten Koehler, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Kathryn A. Lee, Saachi Nangia, Steven A. Harvey, Kyle Steenland, Gustavo F. Gonzales, William Checkley, Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution trial (CHAP) Trial Investigators

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Biomass fuel smoke is a leading risk factor for the burden of disease worldwide. International campaigns are promoting the widespread adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in resource-limited settings. However, it is unclear if the introduction and use of LPG stoves, in settings where biomass fuels are used daily, reduces pollution concentration exposure, improves health outcomes, or how cultural and social barriers influence the exclusive adoption of LPG stoves.

Methods

We will conduct a randomized controlled, field intervention trial of LPG stoves and fuel distribution in rural Puno, Peru, in which we will enroll 180 female participants aged 25–64 years and follow them for 2 years. After enrollment, we will collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, household characteristics, and cooking practices. During the first year of the study, LPG stoves and fuel tanks will be delivered to the homes of 90 intervention participants. During the second year, participants in the intervention arm will keep their LPG stoves, but the gas supply will stop. Control participants will receive LPG stoves and vouchers to obtain free fuel from distributors at the beginning of the second year, but gas will not be delivered. Starting at baseline, we will collect longitudinal measurements of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, blood pressure, endothelial function, carotid artery intima-media thickness, 24-h dietary recalls, exhaled carbon monoxide, quality-of-life indicators, and stove-use behaviors. Environmental exposure assessments will occur six times over the 2-year follow-up period, consisting of 48-h personal exposure and kitchen concentration measurements of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide, and 48-h kitchen concentrations of nitrogen dioxide for a subset of 100 participants.

Discussion

Findings from this study will allow us to better understand behavioral patterns, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular and pulmonary outcomes resulting from the adoption of LPG stoves. If this trial indicates that LPG stoves are a feasible and effective way to reduce household air pollution and improve health, it will provide important information to support widespread adoption of LPG fuel as a strategy to reduce the global burden of disease.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02994680, Cardiopulmonary Outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) Trial. Registered on 28 November 2016.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove intervention on pollutant exposure and adult cardiopulmonary outcomes (CHAP): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio
Dina Goodman
Josiah L. Kephart
Catherine H. Miele
Kendra N. Williams
Mitra Moazzami
Elizabeth C. Fung
Kirsten Koehler
Victor G. Davila-Roman
Kathryn A. Lee
Saachi Nangia
Steven A. Harvey
Kyle Steenland
Gustavo F. Gonzales
William Checkley
Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution trial (CHAP) Trial Investigators
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2179-x

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