Effect of preoperative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on mid-term outcomes after surgical ventricular restoration for ischemic cardiomyopathy

The impact of surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) on survival and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) is still controversial. The purposes of this study were to analyze our surgical experience with SVR for ischemic cardiomyopathy and to determine the effect of preoperative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on mid-term outcomes after SVR.

Between April 2010 and May 2016, 19 patients underwent SVR. The mean age was 60 ± 11 years and the mean New York Heart Association functional class was 2.9 ± 0.8. Preoperative mean left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) and ejection fraction (LVEF) were 134 ± 56 mL/m² and 24 ± 7%, respectively. The early-to-late mitral valve flow ratio (E/A) on echocardiogram was 2.4 ± 1.8 and 9 patients had E/A ≥2, excluding 2 patients with atrial fibrillation. The mean follow-up period was 29 ± 16 months. One patient died of heart failure at 6 months postoperative; the overall survival rate at 3 years was 95%. MACEs requiring hospitalization occurred in 10 patients; E/A ≥2, or restrictive filling pattern, was the only significant predictor of MACE in multivariate analysis. Reverse remodeling was associated with E/A <2, but not E/A ≥2. There was also a significant difference between patients with E/A <2 vs. ≥2 with respect to MACE-free survival rates at 3 years (100 vs. 10%; p = 0.001).