Effect and Safety of TNF Inhibitors in Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: a Meta-analysis

Previous studies showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors might decrease the rate of coronary artery abnormalities in pediatrics with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of TNF inhibitors in IVIG-resistant KD. We undertook a meta-analysis of clinical trials identified in systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, and Google scholar through May 2016. Five studies were included. Overall, rate of coronary artery aneurysm was comparable between groups (relative risk (RR), 1.05; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 0.60 to 1.81; P = 0.87). No significant differences were recorded between groups in coronary artery Z scores (standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.27; 95 % CI, −0.30 to 0.85; P = 0.35). Meanwhile, TNF inhibitors were not associated with a significant decreased risk of treatment resistance compared with IVIG treatment (RR, 0.65; 95 % CI, 0.37 to 0.15; P = 0.14). However, days of fever was significantly reduced in the TNF inhibitor group (SMD, −0.66; 95 % CI, −0.90 to −0.41; P < 0.001). Additionally, risk of serious adverse events was similar between groups. Therefore, TNF inhibitors could shorten the duration of fever in IVIG-resistant KD. However, TNF inhibitors appear to have no cardioprotective effect in patients with IVIG-resistant KD.