Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 1/2011

Open Access 01-03-2011

Economic Evaluations of Occupational Health Interventions from a Company’s Perspective: A Systematic Review of Methods to Estimate the Cost of Health-Related Productivity Loss

Authors: Kimi Uegaki, Martine C. de Bruijne, Allard J. van der Beek, Willem van Mechelen, Maurits W. van Tulder

Published in: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the methods used to estimate the indirect costs of health-related productivity in economic evaluations from a company’s perspective. Methods: The primary literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase. Supplemental searches were conducted in the Cochrane NHS Economic Evaluation Database, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health database, the Ryerson International Labour, Occupational Safety and Health Index database, scans of reference lists and researcher’s own literature database. Article selection was conducted independently by two researchers based on title, keywords, and abstract, and if needed, full text. Differences were resolved by a consensus procedure. Articles were selected based on seven criteria addressing study population, type of intervention, comparative intervention, outcome, costs, language and perspective, respectively. Characteristics of the measurement and valuation of health-related productivity were extracted and analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 34 studies were included. Costs of health-related productivity were estimated using (a combination of) data related to sick leave, compensated sick leave, light or modified duty or work presenteeism. Data were collected from different sources (e.g. administrative databases, worker self-report, supervisors) and by different methods (e.g. questionnaires, interviews). Valuation varied in terms of reported time units, composition and source of the corresponding price weights, and whether additional elements, such as replacement costs, were included. Conclusions: Methods for measuring and valuing health-related productivity vary widely, hindering comparability of results and decision-making. We provide suggestions for improvement.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Burdorf A. Economic evaluation in occupational health—its goals, challenges, and opportunities. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007;33:161–4.PubMed Burdorf A. Economic evaluation in occupational health—its goals, challenges, and opportunities. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007;33:161–4.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Leigh JP. Expanding research on the economics of occupational health. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006;32:1–4.PubMed Leigh JP. Expanding research on the economics of occupational health. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006;32:1–4.PubMed
3.
go back to reference van der Beek AJ, Frings-Dresen MH, van Dijk FJ, Houtman IL. Priorities in occupational health research: a Delphi study in The Netherlands. Occup Environ Med. 1997;54:504–10.CrossRefPubMed van der Beek AJ, Frings-Dresen MH, van Dijk FJ, Houtman IL. Priorities in occupational health research: a Delphi study in The Netherlands. Occup Environ Med. 1997;54:504–10.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R. Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA. 2003;290:2443–54.CrossRefPubMed Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R. Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA. 2003;290:2443–54.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D. Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American Productivity Audit. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:1234–46.CrossRefPubMed Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D. Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American Productivity Audit. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:1234–46.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O’Brien BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 3rd ed. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O’Brien BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 3rd ed. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.
8.
go back to reference Berger ML, Murray JF, Xu J, Pauly M. Alternative valuations of work loss and productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43:18–24.CrossRefPubMed Berger ML, Murray JF, Xu J, Pauly M. Alternative valuations of work loss and productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43:18–24.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Brouwer WB, van Exel NJ, Baltussen RM, Rutten FF. A dollar is a dollar is a dollar—or is it? Value Health. 2006;9:341–7.CrossRefPubMed Brouwer WB, van Exel NJ, Baltussen RM, Rutten FF. A dollar is a dollar is a dollar—or is it? Value Health. 2006;9:341–7.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Young AE, Wasiak R, Roessler RT, McPherson KM, Anema JR, van Poppel MN. Return-to-work outcomes following work disability: stakeholder motivations, interests and concerns. J Occup Rehabil. 2005;15:543–56.CrossRefPubMed Young AE, Wasiak R, Roessler RT, McPherson KM, Anema JR, van Poppel MN. Return-to-work outcomes following work disability: stakeholder motivations, interests and concerns. J Occup Rehabil. 2005;15:543–56.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Tompa E, Dolinschi R, de Oliveira C. Practice and potential of economic evaluation of workplace-based interventions for occupational health and safety. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16:367–92.CrossRef Tompa E, Dolinschi R, de Oliveira C. Practice and potential of economic evaluation of workplace-based interventions for occupational health and safety. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16:367–92.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Mayne TJ, Howard K, Brandt-Rauf PW. Measuring and evaluating the effects of disease on workplace productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:S1–2.CrossRefPubMed Mayne TJ, Howard K, Brandt-Rauf PW. Measuring and evaluating the effects of disease on workplace productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:S1–2.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Greenberg PE, Birnbaum HG, Kessler RC, Morgan M, Stang P. Impact of illness and its treatment on workplace costs: regulatory and measurement issues. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43:56–63.CrossRefPubMed Greenberg PE, Birnbaum HG, Kessler RC, Morgan M, Stang P. Impact of illness and its treatment on workplace costs: regulatory and measurement issues. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43:56–63.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Adam T, Koopmanschap MA, Evans DB. Cost-effectiveness analysis: can we reduce variability in costing methods? Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2003;19:407–20.CrossRefPubMed Adam T, Koopmanschap MA, Evans DB. Cost-effectiveness analysis: can we reduce variability in costing methods? Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2003;19:407–20.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Evers S, Goossens M, de Vet H, van Tulder M, Ament A. Criteria list for assessment of methodological quality of economic evaluations: consensus on health economic criteria. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2005;21:240–5.PubMed Evers S, Goossens M, de Vet H, van Tulder M, Ament A. Criteria list for assessment of methodological quality of economic evaluations: consensus on health economic criteria. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2005;21:240–5.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Banco L, Lapidus G, Monopoli J, Zavoski R. The safe teen work project: a study to reduce cutting injuries among young and inexperienced workers. Am J Ind Med. 1997;31:619–22.CrossRefPubMed Banco L, Lapidus G, Monopoli J, Zavoski R. The safe teen work project: a study to reduce cutting injuries among young and inexperienced workers. Am J Ind Med. 1997;31:619–22.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Burdorf A, Windhorst J, van der Beek AJ, van der Molen H, Meerding WJ. De kosten en baten van nieuwe arbeidsmiddelen bij straatmaken en vloerleggen [The costs and benefits of ergonomic equipment for street making and laying cement flooring]. Tijdschrift van Toegepast Arbowetenschap. 2005;1:3–11. Burdorf A, Windhorst J, van der Beek AJ, van der Molen H, Meerding WJ. De kosten en baten van nieuwe arbeidsmiddelen bij straatmaken en vloerleggen [The costs and benefits of ergonomic equipment for street making and laying cement flooring]. Tijdschrift van Toegepast Arbowetenschap. 2005;1:3–11.
18.
go back to reference Collins JW, Wolf L, Bell J, Evanoff B. An evaluation of a “best practices” musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes. Injury Prev. 2004;10:206–11.CrossRef Collins JW, Wolf L, Bell J, Evanoff B. An evaluation of a “best practices” musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes. Injury Prev. 2004;10:206–11.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Engst C, Chhokar R, Miller A, Tate RB, Yassi A. Effectiveness of overhead lifting devices in reducing the risk of injury to care staff in extended care facilities. Ergonomics. 2005;48:187–99.CrossRefPubMed Engst C, Chhokar R, Miller A, Tate RB, Yassi A. Effectiveness of overhead lifting devices in reducing the risk of injury to care staff in extended care facilities. Ergonomics. 2005;48:187–99.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Hlobil H, Uegaki K, Staal JB, de Bruyne MC, Smid T, van Mechelen W. Substantial sick-leave costs savings due to a graded activity intervention for workers with non-specific sub-acute low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:919–24.CrossRefPubMed Hlobil H, Uegaki K, Staal JB, de Bruyne MC, Smid T, van Mechelen W. Substantial sick-leave costs savings due to a graded activity intervention for workers with non-specific sub-acute low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:919–24.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Hochanadel CD, Conrad DE. Evolution of an on-site industrial physical therapy program. J Occup Med. 1993;35:1011–6.PubMed Hochanadel CD, Conrad DE. Evolution of an on-site industrial physical therapy program. J Occup Med. 1993;35:1011–6.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Landstad BJ, Gelin G, Malmquist C, Vinberg S. A statistical human resources costing and accounting model for analysing the economic effects of an intervention at a workplace. Ergonomics. 2002;45:764–87.CrossRefPubMed Landstad BJ, Gelin G, Malmquist C, Vinberg S. A statistical human resources costing and accounting model for analysing the economic effects of an intervention at a workplace. Ergonomics. 2002;45:764–87.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Melhorn JM, Wilkinson L, Gardner P, Horst WD, Silkey B. An outcomes study of an occupational medicine intervention program for the reduction of musculoskeletal disorders and cumulative trauma disorders in the workplace. J Occup Environ Med. 1999;41:833–46.CrossRefPubMed Melhorn JM, Wilkinson L, Gardner P, Horst WD, Silkey B. An outcomes study of an occupational medicine intervention program for the reduction of musculoskeletal disorders and cumulative trauma disorders in the workplace. J Occup Environ Med. 1999;41:833–46.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Mitchell LV, Lawler FH, Bowen D, Mote W, Asundi P, Purswell J. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of employer-issued back belts in areas of high risk for back injury. J Occup Med. 1994;36:90–4.PubMed Mitchell LV, Lawler FH, Bowen D, Mote W, Asundi P, Purswell J. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of employer-issued back belts in areas of high risk for back injury. J Occup Med. 1994;36:90–4.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Nelson A, Matz M, Chen F, Siddharthan K, Lloyd J, Fragala G. Development and evaluation of a multifaceted ergonomics program to prevent injuries associated with patient handling tasks. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43:717–33.CrossRefPubMed Nelson A, Matz M, Chen F, Siddharthan K, Lloyd J, Fragala G. Development and evaluation of a multifaceted ergonomics program to prevent injuries associated with patient handling tasks. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43:717–33.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Shi L. A cost-benefit analysis of a California county’s back injury prevention program. Public Health Rep. 1993;108:204–11.PubMed Shi L. A cost-benefit analysis of a California county’s back injury prevention program. Public Health Rep. 1993;108:204–11.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Spiegel J, Yassi A, Ronald LA, Tate RB, Hacking P, Colby T. Implementing a resident lifting system in an extended care hospital. Demonstrating cost-benefit. AAOHN J. 2002;50:128–34.PubMed Spiegel J, Yassi A, Ronald LA, Tate RB, Hacking P, Colby T. Implementing a resident lifting system in an extended care hospital. Demonstrating cost-benefit. AAOHN J. 2002;50:128–34.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Versloot JM, Rozeman A, Van Son AM, Van Akkerveeken PF. The cost-effectiveness of a back school program in industry: a longitudinal controlled field study. Spine. 1992;17:22–7.CrossRefPubMed Versloot JM, Rozeman A, Van Son AM, Van Akkerveeken PF. The cost-effectiveness of a back school program in industry: a longitudinal controlled field study. Spine. 1992;17:22–7.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Linton SJ, Bradley LA. An 18-month follow-up of a secondary prevention program for back pain: HELP and hindrance factors related to outcome maintenance. Clin J Pain. 1992;8:227–36.CrossRefPubMed Linton SJ, Bradley LA. An 18-month follow-up of a secondary prevention program for back pain: HELP and hindrance factors related to outcome maintenance. Clin J Pain. 1992;8:227–36.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Littleton M. Cost-effectiveness of a prework screening program for the University of Illinois at Chicago physical plant. Work. 2003;21:243–50.PubMed Littleton M. Cost-effectiveness of a prework screening program for the University of Illinois at Chicago physical plant. Work. 2003;21:243–50.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Alexander RW, Brennan JC, Maida AS, Walker RJ. The value of preplacement medical examinations for nonhazardous light duty work. J Occup Med. 1977;19:107–12.CrossRefPubMed Alexander RW, Brennan JC, Maida AS, Walker RJ. The value of preplacement medical examinations for nonhazardous light duty work. J Occup Med. 1977;19:107–12.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Franzblau A, Werner RA, Yihan J. Preplacement nerve testing for carpal tunnel syndrome: is it cost effective? J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:714–9.CrossRefPubMed Franzblau A, Werner RA, Yihan J. Preplacement nerve testing for carpal tunnel syndrome: is it cost effective? J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:714–9.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Aldana SG, Merrill RM, Price K, Hardy A, Hager R. Financial impact of a comprehensive multisite workplace health promotion program. Prev Med. 2005;40:131–7.CrossRefPubMed Aldana SG, Merrill RM, Price K, Hardy A, Hager R. Financial impact of a comprehensive multisite workplace health promotion program. Prev Med. 2005;40:131–7.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Blaze-Temple D, Howat P. Cost benefit of an Australian EAP. Employee Assist Q. 1997;12:1–24.CrossRef Blaze-Temple D, Howat P. Cost benefit of an Australian EAP. Employee Assist Q. 1997;12:1–24.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Proper KI, de Bruyne MC, Hildebrandt VH, van der Beek AJ, Meerding WJ, van Mechelen W. Costs, benefits and effectiveness of worksite physical activity counseling from the employer’s perspective. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004;30:36–46.PubMed Proper KI, de Bruyne MC, Hildebrandt VH, van der Beek AJ, Meerding WJ, van Mechelen W. Costs, benefits and effectiveness of worksite physical activity counseling from the employer’s perspective. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004;30:36–46.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Schultz AB, Lu C, Barnett TE, Yen LTC, McDonald T, Hirschland D, et al. Influence of participation in a worksite health-promotion program on disability days. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44:776–80.PubMed Schultz AB, Lu C, Barnett TE, Yen LTC, McDonald T, Hirschland D, et al. Influence of participation in a worksite health-promotion program on disability days. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44:776–80.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Shephard RJ. Long term impact of a fitness programme—the Canada Life Study. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1992;21:63–8.PubMed Shephard RJ. Long term impact of a fitness programme—the Canada Life Study. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1992;21:63–8.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Skisak CM, Bhojani F, Tsai SP. Impact of a disability management program on employee productivity in a petrochemical company. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48:497–504.CrossRefPubMed Skisak CM, Bhojani F, Tsai SP. Impact of a disability management program on employee productivity in a petrochemical company. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48:497–504.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Campbell DS, Rumley MH. Cost-effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in a healthy, working-age population. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:408–14.CrossRefPubMed Campbell DS, Rumley MH. Cost-effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in a healthy, working-age population. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:408–14.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Cohen P, Darling C, Hampson A, Downs K, Tasset-Tisseau A. Influenza vaccination in an occupational setting: effectiveness and cost-benefit study. J Occup Health Safety Aust NZ. 2003;19:167–82. Cohen P, Darling C, Hampson A, Downs K, Tasset-Tisseau A. Influenza vaccination in an occupational setting: effectiveness and cost-benefit study. J Occup Health Safety Aust NZ. 2003;19:167–82.
41.
go back to reference Colombo GL, Ferro A, Vinci M, Zordan M, Serra G. Cost-benefit analysis of influenza vaccination in a public healthcare unit. Ther Clin Risk Manage. 2006;2:219–26.CrossRef Colombo GL, Ferro A, Vinci M, Zordan M, Serra G. Cost-benefit analysis of influenza vaccination in a public healthcare unit. Ther Clin Risk Manage. 2006;2:219–26.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Dille JH. A worksite influenza immunization program: impact on lost work days, health care utilization, and health care spending. AAOHN J. 1999;47:301–9.PubMed Dille JH. A worksite influenza immunization program: impact on lost work days, health care utilization, and health care spending. AAOHN J. 1999;47:301–9.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Morales A, Martinez MM, Tasset-Tisseau A, Rey E, Baron-Papillon F, Follet A. Costs and benefits of influenza vaccination and work productivity in a Colombian company from the employer’s perspective. Value Health. 2004;7:433–41.CrossRefPubMed Morales A, Martinez MM, Tasset-Tisseau A, Rey E, Baron-Papillon F, Follet A. Costs and benefits of influenza vaccination and work productivity in a Colombian company from the employer’s perspective. Value Health. 2004;7:433–41.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Samad AH, Usul MHBH, Zakaria D, Ismail R, Tasset-Tisseau A, Baron-Papillon F, et al. Workplace vaccination against influenza in Malaysia: does the employer benefit? J Occup Health. 2006;48:1–10.CrossRefPubMed Samad AH, Usul MHBH, Zakaria D, Ismail R, Tasset-Tisseau A, Baron-Papillon F, et al. Workplace vaccination against influenza in Malaysia: does the employer benefit? J Occup Health. 2006;48:1–10.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Thomson P, Cuddeford G, Mitchell P. Hospital staff absenteeism following an influenza immunisation program. J Occup Health Saf Aust New Zealand. 1999;15:231–42. Thomson P, Cuddeford G, Mitchell P. Hospital staff absenteeism following an influenza immunisation program. J Occup Health Saf Aust New Zealand. 1999;15:231–42.
46.
go back to reference Lo Sasso AT, Rost K, Beck A. Modeling the impact of enhanced depression treatment on workplace functioning and costs: a cost-benefit approach. Med Care. 2006;44:352–8.CrossRefPubMed Lo Sasso AT, Rost K, Beck A. Modeling the impact of enhanced depression treatment on workplace functioning and costs: a cost-benefit approach. Med Care. 2006;44:352–8.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Smoot SL, Gonzales JL. Cost-effective communication skills training for state hospital employees. Psychiatr Serv. 1995;46:819–22.PubMed Smoot SL, Gonzales JL. Cost-effective communication skills training for state hospital employees. Psychiatr Serv. 1995;46:819–22.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Legg RF, Sclar DA, Nemec NL, Tarnai J, Mackowiak JI. Cost benefit of sumatriptan to an employer. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:652–7.CrossRefPubMed Legg RF, Sclar DA, Nemec NL, Tarnai J, Mackowiak JI. Cost benefit of sumatriptan to an employer. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:652–7.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Lofland JH, Kim SS, Batenhorst AS, Johnson NE, Chatterton ML, Cady RK, et al. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of sumatriptan in patients with migraine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:1093–101.CrossRefPubMed Lofland JH, Kim SS, Batenhorst AS, Johnson NE, Chatterton ML, Cady RK, et al. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of sumatriptan in patients with migraine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:1093–101.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Reville RT, Bhattacharya J, Sager Weinstein LR. New methods and data sources for measuring economic consequences of workplace injuries. Am J Ind Med. 2001;40:452–63.CrossRefPubMed Reville RT, Bhattacharya J, Sager Weinstein LR. New methods and data sources for measuring economic consequences of workplace injuries. Am J Ind Med. 2001;40:452–63.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Brouwer WB, van Exel NJ, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FF. Productivity costs before and after absence from work: as important as common? Health Policy. 2002;61:173–87.CrossRefPubMed Brouwer WB, van Exel NJ, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FF. Productivity costs before and after absence from work: as important as common? Health Policy. 2002;61:173–87.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Amick BC III, Lerner D, Rogers WH, Rooney T, Katz JN. A review of health-related work outcome measures and their uses, and recommended measures. Spine. 2000;25:3152–60.CrossRefPubMed Amick BC III, Lerner D, Rogers WH, Rooney T, Katz JN. A review of health-related work outcome measures and their uses, and recommended measures. Spine. 2000;25:3152–60.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, et al. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:156–74.CrossRefPubMed Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, et al. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:156–74.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Koopmanschap MA. PRODISQ: a modular questionnaire on productivity and disease for economic evaluation studies. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2005;5:23–8.CrossRefPubMed Koopmanschap MA. PRODISQ: a modular questionnaire on productivity and disease for economic evaluation studies. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2005;5:23–8.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Oostenbrink JB, Bouwmans CAM, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FFH. Dutch manual for costing: methods and standard costs for economic evaluations in health care. Diemen: Health Insurance Council (CVZ) 2004. Oostenbrink JB, Bouwmans CAM, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FFH. Dutch manual for costing: methods and standard costs for economic evaluations in health care. Diemen: Health Insurance Council (CVZ) 2004.
Metadata
Title
Economic Evaluations of Occupational Health Interventions from a Company’s Perspective: A Systematic Review of Methods to Estimate the Cost of Health-Related Productivity Loss
Authors
Kimi Uegaki
Martine C. de Bruijne
Allard J. van der Beek
Willem van Mechelen
Maurits W. van Tulder
Publication date
01-03-2011
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation / Issue 1/2011
Print ISSN: 1053-0487
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3688
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-010-9258-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 1/2011 Go to the issue