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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 12/2012

01-12-2012 | Original Paper

DSM-IV psychiatric comorbidity according to symptoms of insomnia: a nationwide sample of Korean adults

Authors: Byung-Soo Kim, Hong Jin Jeon, Jin Pyo Hong, Jae Nam Bae, Jun-Young Lee, Sung Man Chang, Young-Moon Lee, Jungwoo Son, Maeng Je Cho

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 12/2012

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Abstract

Purpose

The diagnosis of insomnia is based on the presence of four different symptoms: difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), and non-restorative sleep (NRS). This study investigated the differences in sociodemographic correlates and psychiatric comorbidity between the four symptoms of insomnia in the general population of South Korea.

Methods

A sample of the population aged 18–64 (N = 6,510) was questioned using a face-to-face interview. Insomnia was defined as having at least one of the four following symptoms three or more times per week: DIS, DMS, EMA, and NRS. Psychiatric disorders were evaluated using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression analysis was used to test each of the sleep outcomes (DIS, DMS, EMA, or NRS) for an association with sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Results

The prevalence of DIS, DMS, EMA, and NRS were 7.9 % (95 % CI 6.6–9.5 %), 7.9 % (95 % CI 6.5–9.6 %), 4.9 % (95 % CI 3.9–6.0 %), and 14.8 % (95 % CI 12.6–17.4 %), respectively. The overall prevalence of insomnia was 19.0 % (95 % CI 16.1–22.2 %). Being separated, divorced, or widowed, being single, having a part-time job, having a psychiatric illness, and having a physical illness were all significantly related to insomnia. Older age also increased the risk of DMS and EMA, and younger age was a risk factor for NRS. The presence of most psychiatric disorders was significantly related to insomnia. However, the relationship between the psychiatric illness and each insomnia symptom varied and was dependent on the insomnia symptom.

Conclusions

Most psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with each insomnia symptom in different ways. Differences in sociodemographic and clinical correlates between the four insomnia symptoms implied the heterogeneous characteristics of insomnia as defined by the current diagnostic criteria.
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Metadata
Title
DSM-IV psychiatric comorbidity according to symptoms of insomnia: a nationwide sample of Korean adults
Authors
Byung-Soo Kim
Hong Jin Jeon
Jin Pyo Hong
Jae Nam Bae
Jun-Young Lee
Sung Man Chang
Young-Moon Lee
Jungwoo Son
Maeng Je Cho
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 12/2012
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0502-0

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