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Clinical Oral Investigations
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations 4/2021

01-04-2021 | Review

Do breastfed children have a lower chance of developing mouth breathing? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Cristiane Medianeira Savian, Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson, Graziela Botton, Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi, Rachel de Oliveira Rocha, Fabrício Batistin Zanatta, Bianca Zimmermann Santos

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 4/2021

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Abstract

Objective

Determine the association between breastfeeding and the development of mouth breathing in children.

Materials and methods

Seven databases were searched for studies investigating the association between the type of feeding and the development of the breathing pattern in children. Descriptive analysis and meta-analysis were performed, with the calculation of the prevalence and likelihood (odds ratios (95% CI)) of mouth breathing according to the duration of breastfeeding.

Results

The overall prevalence of mouth breathing was 44% (95% CI: 38–49) (N total = 1182). Breastfeeding was a protection factor against the development of mouth breathing (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41–0.93). The likelihood of developing mouth breathing was 41% and 34% lower among children that were breastfed for more than 12 and more than 24 months, respectively. No association was found between exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the occurrence of mouth breathing (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.31–1.18).

Conclusions

Due to the scarcity of cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria and the low certainty of the evidence, no strong evidence-based conclusion can be drawn. However, breastfeeding should be encouraged due to its possible protective effect, evidenced by the substantial reduction in the prevalence of mouth breathing pattern when performed for up to 2 years. Exclusive breastfeeding was not associated with the development of the breathing pattern. Clinical relevance: The results reveal that breastfeeding can protect children from the development of mouth breathing. Thus, healthcare providers should offer support so that mothers feel prepared and encouraged to perform breastfeeding.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registry: CRD42017062172
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Do breastfed children have a lower chance of developing mouth breathing? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Cristiane Medianeira Savian
Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson
Graziela Botton
Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi
Rachel de Oliveira Rocha
Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
Bianca Zimmermann Santos
Publication date
01-04-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03791-1

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