Top

Published in:

01-09-2006 | Original Paper

Divergent Validity of Measures of Cognitive Distortions, Impulsivity, and Time Perspective in Pathological Gambling

Authors: James MacKillop, Emily J. Anderson, Bryan A. Castelda, Richard E. Mattson, Peter J. Donovick

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 3/2006

Abstract

The present study assessed the divergent validity of several self-report and objective behavioral measures for assessing pathological gambling using three samples divided by South Oaks Gambling Scale score [Lesieur, & Blume (1987). American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1184–1188]: pathological gamblers, potential pathological gamblers, and non-pathological gamblers. Self-report measures included the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire [GBQ; Steenbergh, Meyers, May, & Whelan (2002). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16, 143–149], the Gambling Passion Scale [GPS; Rousseau, Vallerand, Ratelle, Mageau, & Provencher, (2002). Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 45–66], the Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire [EIQ; Eysenck, & Eysenck (1978). Psychological Reports, 43, 1247–1255], and the Stanford Time Perspective Inventory [STPI; Zimbardo, & Boyd (1999). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271–1288]. Behavioral tasks included the delay discounting task [Madden, Petry, Badger, & Bickel (1997). Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 256–263] and the Future Time Perspectives [FTP; Wallace (1956). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 52, 240–245]. The GBQ, GPS, Impulsivity subscale of the EIQ, and DDT all exhibited robust divergent validity, however, neither measure of time perspective discriminated between groups. Applications of these findings to etiological research and clinical contexts are discussed.

Alessi, S. M., & Petry, N. M. (2003). Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure. Behavioural Processes, 64, 345–354.CrossRef

American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.

Bickel, W. K., Odum, A. L., & Madden, G. J. (1999). Impulsivity and cigarette smoking: delay-discounting in current, never, and ex-smokers. Psychopharmacology, 146, 447–454.CrossRef

Bickel, W. K., & Johnson, M. W. (2003). Delay discounting: a fundamental process of drug dependence. In: G. Loewenstein, D. Read, R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp. 419–440). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validity by the multi-trait multi-method matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81–105.CrossRef

Caron, A., & Ladouceur, R. (2003). Erroneous verbalizations and risk taking at video lotteries. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 189–194.CrossRef

Castelda, B. A., Mattson, R. E., MacKillop, J., Anderson, E. J., & Donovick, P. J. (2006). Psychometric validation of the Gambling Passion Scale. Manuscript in preparation.

Coffey, S. F., Gudelski, G. D., Saladin, M. E., & Brady, K. T. (2003). Impulsivity and rapid discounting of delayed hypothetical rewards in cocaine-dependent individuals. Experimental, Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 18–25.

Collins, R. L., & Bradizza, C. M. (2001) Social and cognitive learning processes. In: T. J. Peters, T. Stockwell, N. Heather (Eds.), International handbook of alcohol dependence and problems (pp. 317–337). New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281–302.CrossRef

Dube, D., Freeston, M., & Ladouceur, R. (1996). Potential and probable pathological gamblers: where do the differences lie? Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 419–430.CrossRef

Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28, 1–11.

Eysenck, S. B. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Impulsiveness and venturesomeness: Their position in a dimensional system of personality description. Psychological Reports, 43, 1247–1255.

Eysenck, S. B. G., Pearson, P. R., Easting, G., & Allsopp, J. F. (1985). Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults. Personality & Individual Differences, 6, 613–619.CrossRef

Hodgins, D. C., & Engel, A. (2002). Future time perspective in pathological gamblers. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 190, 775–780.CrossRef

Huberty, C. J., & Morris, J. D. (1989). Multivariate analysis versus multiple univariate analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 302–308.CrossRef

Keough, K. A., Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Who’s smoking, drinking, and using drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 21, 149–164.CrossRef

Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K. (1999). Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than no-drug using controls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 78–87.CrossRef

Klingemann, H. (2001). The time game: Temporal perspectives of patients and staff in alcohol and drug treatment. Time & Society, 10, 303–328.

Ladouceur, R., Boisvert, J., & Dumont, J. (1994). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescent pathological gamblers. Behavior Modification, 18, 230–242.

Ladouceur, R., Bouchard, C., Rheaume, N., Jacques, C., Ferland, F., Leblond, J., & Walker, M. (2000). Is the SOGS an accurate measure of pathological gambling among children, adolescents and adults? Journal of Gambling Studies, 16, 1–24.CrossRef

Ladouceur, R., & Toneatto, T. (2003). Treatment of pathological gambling: A critical review of the literature. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17, 284–292.CrossRef

Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., Leblond, J., & Jacques, C. (2001). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 189, 774–780.CrossRef

Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., & Leblond, J. (2003). Group therapy for pathological gamblers: A cognitive approach. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 41, 587–596.CrossRef

Ladouceur, R., & Walker, M. (1996). A cognitive perspective on gambling. In: P. M. Salkoskvis (Ed.), Trends in cognitive and behavioural therapies (pp. 89–120). New York: Wiley.

Langer, E. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 311–328.CrossRef

Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1184–1188.

Madden, C. J., Petry, N. M., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (1997). Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug using control participants: drug and monetary rewards. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 256–263.CrossRef

Madden, G. J., & Begotka, A. M., Raiff, B. R., & Kastern, L. L. (2003). Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 139–145.CrossRef

Manganiello, J. A. (1978). Opiate addiction: A study identifying three systematically related psychological correlates. International Journal of the Addictions, 13, 839–847.

Mazur, J. E. (1987). An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In: M. L. Commons J. E. Mazur J. A. Nevin H. Rachlin (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior: The effect of delay and of intervening events on reinforcement value (Vol. 5, pp. 55–73). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Mitchell, S. H. (1999) Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Psychopharmacology, 146, 455–464.CrossRef

Nower, L., Derevensky, J. L., & Gupta, R. (2004). The relationship of impulsivity, sensation seeking, coping, and substance use in youth gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 49–55.CrossRef

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Petry, N. M. (2001a). Delay discounting of money and alcohol in actively using alcoholics, currently abstinent alcoholics, and controls. Psychopharmacology, 154, 243–250.CrossRef

Petry, N. M. (2001b). Pathological gamblers, with and without substance use disorders, discount delayed rewards at high rates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 482–487.CrossRef

Petry, N. M. (2003). Moving beyond a dichotomous classification for gambling disorders. Addiction, 98, 1673–1674.CrossRef

Petry, N. M. (2005). Pathological gambling: Etiology, comorbidity, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Petry, N. M., Bickel, W. K., & Arnett, M. (1998). Shortened time horizons and insensitivity to future consequences in heroin addicts. Addiction, 93, 729–738.CrossRef

Ratelle, C. F., Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Rousseau, F. L., & Provencher, P. (2004). When passion leads to problematic outcomes: A look at gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 105–119.CrossRef

Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. (2002). Pathological gambling: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1009–1061.CrossRef

Richards, J. B., Mitchell, S. H., de Wit, H., & Seiden, L. S. (1997). Determination of discount functions in rats with an adjusting amount procedure. Journal for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67, 353–366.CrossRef

Rousseau, F., Vallerand, R. J., Ratelle, C. F., Mageau, G., & Provencher, P. J. (2002). Passion and gambling: On the validation of the Gambling Passion Scale (GPS). Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 45–66.CrossRef

Sher, K. J., Trull, T. J., Bartholow, B. D., & Vieth, A. (1999). Personality and alcoholism: Issues, methods, and etiological processes. In: K. Leonard, H. T. Blane (Eds.), Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism (2nd ed., pp. 54–105). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Smart, R. G. (1968). Future time perspectives in alcoholics and social drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 81–83.CrossRef

Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Gibbon, M., & First, M. B. (1992). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III–R (SCID): I. History, rationale, and description. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 624–629.

Steenbergh, T. A., Meyers, A. W., May, R. K., & Whelan, J. P. (2002). Development and validation of the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16, 143–149.CrossRef

Stinchfield, R. (2002). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Addictive Behaviors, 27, 1–19.CrossRef

Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., Boisvert, J. M. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 727–732.CrossRef

Tabachnik, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Toce-Gerstein, M., Gerstein, D. R., & Volberg, R. A. (2003). A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community. Addiction, 98, 1661–1672. CrossRef

Toneatto, T. (1999). Cognitive psychopathology of problem gambling. Substance Use & Misuse, 34, 1593–1604.CrossRef

Toneatto, T., Blitz-Miller, T., Calderwood, K., Dragonetti, R., & Tsanos, A. (1997). Cognitive distortions in heavy gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 13, 253–266.CrossRef

Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Leonard, M., Gagne, M., & Marsolais, J. (2003). Les passions de l’ame: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85, 756–767.CrossRef

Vuchinich, R. E., & Simpson, C. A. (1998). Hyperbolic temporal discounting in social drinkers and problem drinkers. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 6, 292–305.CrossRef

Wallace, M. (1956). Future time perspective in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 52, 240–245.CrossRef

Zimbardo, P. C., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271–1288.CrossRef

Zimbardo, P. G., Keough, K. A., & Boyd, J. N. (1997). Present time perspective as a predictor of risky driving. Personality & Individual Differences, 23, 1007–1023.CrossRef

Title: Divergent Validity of Measures of Cognitive Distortions, Impulsivity, and Time Perspective in Pathological Gambling
Authors: James MacKillop
Emily J. Anderson
Bryan A. Castelda
Richard E. Mattson
Peter J. Donovick
Publication date: 01-09-2006
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 3/2006
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-006-9021-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Divergent Validity of Measures of Cognitive Distortions, Impulsivity, and Time Perspective in Pathological Gambling

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2006

Flow and Dissociation: Examination of Mean Levels, Cross-links, and Links to Emotional Well-Being across Sports and Recreational and Pathological Gambling

A Psychometric Evaluation of the DSM-IV Pathological Gambling Diagnostic Criteria

Epidemiological Associations between Gambling Behavior, Substance Use & Mood and Anxiety Disorders

The Influence of Religiosity on Gambling Participation

Pre/Early Adolescent Onset of Gambling and Psychosocial Problems in Treatment-Seeking Pathological Gamblers

A Comment on the Utility of Prevalence Estimates of Pathological Gambling