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International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-01-2019 | Original Article

Distinguishing groups and exploring health differences among multiple job holders aged 45 years and older

Authors: Stef Bouwhuis, Trynke Hoekstra, Paulien M. Bongers, Cécile R. L. Boot, Goedele A. Geuskens, Allard J. van der Beek

Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

To identify distinct groups of older multiple job holders and to explore health differences between these groups.

Methods

We selected respondents from STREAM, a Dutch cohort study among persons aged 45 years and older, who reported having multiple jobs (N = 702). We applied latent class analysis to identify groups of multiple job holders. The association between these groups and health, measured with the SF-12, was studied cross-sectionally and longitudinally (1 year of follow-up), using linear regression analyses.

Results

Four groups of older multiple job holders were identified: (1) a vulnerable group (N = 145), who preferred having one job, and had jobs with high demands and low resources; (2) an indifferent group (N = 134), who did not experience many benefits or disadvantages of multiple job holding (MJH); (3) a satisfied hybrid group, who were all self-employed in their second job (N = 310); and (4) a satisfied combination group, who all had a second job as an employee (N = 113). Both the satisfied hybrid and satisfied combination groups preferred MJH and experienced benefits of it. At baseline, the vulnerable group experienced significantly lower physical and mental health than the other groups. We found no significant differences regarding changes in health after 1 year.

Conclusions

Four groups of older multiple job holders could be distinguished. The vulnerable group experienced lower physical and mental health at baseline than the other three groups. Policies and interventions supporting vulnerable multiple job holders may need to be developed. Future research is recommended to take heterogeneity among multiple job holders into account.
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Metadata
Title
Distinguishing groups and exploring health differences among multiple job holders aged 45 years and older
Authors
Stef Bouwhuis
Trynke Hoekstra
Paulien M. Bongers
Cécile R. L. Boot
Goedele A. Geuskens
Allard J. van der Beek
Publication date
01-01-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1351-2

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