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Critical Care
Published in: Critical Care 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Disseminated intravascular coagulation with increased fibrinolysis during the early phase of isolated traumatic brain injury

Authors: Takeshi Wada, Satoshi Gando, Kunihiko Maekaw, Kenichi Katabami, Hisako Sageshima, Mineji Hayakawa, Atsushi Sawamura

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

There is evidence to demonstrate that the coagulopathy which occurs in patients with traumatic brain injury coincides with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We hypothesized that DIC with increased fibrinolysis during the early stage of isolated traumatic brain injury (iTBI) affects the outcome of the patients and that hypoperfusion contributes to hyperfibrinolysis in the DIC.

Methods

This retrospective study included 92 patients with iTBI who were divided into DIC and non-DIC groups according to the Japanese Association Acute Medicine DIC scoring system. The DIC patients were subdivided into those with and without hyperfibrinolysis. The platelet counts and global markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were measured. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ dysfunction (assessed by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score), tissue hypoperfusion (assessed by the lactate levels) and the transfusion volume were also evaluated. The outcome measure was all-cause hospital mortality.

Results

DIC patients showed consumption coagulopathy, lower antithrombin levels and higher fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer levels than non-DIC patients. All of the DIC patients developed SIRS accompanied by organ dysfunction and required higher blood transfusion volumes, leading to a worse outcome than non-DIC patients. These changes were more prominent in DIC with hyperfibrinolysis. A higher FDP/D-dimer ratio suggests that DIC belongs to the fibrinolytic phenotype and involves fibrin(ogen)olysis. The mean blood pressures of the patients with and without DIC on arrival were identical. Hypoperfusion and the lactate levels were not identified as independent predictors of hyperfibrinolysis.

Conclusions

DIC, especially DIC with hyperfibrinolysis, affects the outcome of patients with iTBI. Low blood pressure-induced tissue hypoperfusion does not contribute to hyperfibrinolysis in this type of DIC.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Disseminated intravascular coagulation with increased fibrinolysis during the early phase of isolated traumatic brain injury
Authors
Takeshi Wada
Satoshi Gando
Kunihiko Maekaw
Kenichi Katabami
Hisako Sageshima
Mineji Hayakawa
Atsushi Sawamura
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Critical Care / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1808-9

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