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Forensic Toxicology

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01-07-2021 | Diphenhydramine | Original Article

Effects of putrefaction on the quantitative analyses of diphenhydramine in blood and tissues: model experiments by the routine matrix-matched calibration method and standard addition method with different internal standards

Authors: Keiko Kudo, Kanju Saka, Brian Waters, Kenji Hara, Aya Matsusue, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Shin-ichi Kubo

Published in: Forensic Toxicology | Issue 2/2021

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of putrefaction on the quantitative analyses of diphenhydramine in blood and tissues by the routine matrix-matched calibration (MMC) method and the standard addition (SA) method for comparison.

Methods

Putrefied samples were prepared by leaving pig blood, liver and muscle at room temperature. Toxic amounts of diphenhydramine and six internal standards (ISs) having different similarities were added to the prepared samples, and the drug was extracted with a liquid-liquid extraction method. The concentrations of diphenhydramine were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The accuracies and precisions of the obtained quantitative values were compared in each quantification method. The results were also verified using human blood and tissues obtained at the time of autopsy.

Results

In the MMC method, the deuterium-labeled IS showed good accuracies and precisions for putrefied samples. On the other hand, the concentrations of diphenhydramine using some non-isotopic ISs were found to deviate significantly from the true value.

Conclusions

The obtained results showed that the MMC method using fresh blood calibration curve with isotope-labeled IS could accurately measure drug concentrations in putrefied blood and tissues. If the isotope-labeled compound is not available, the quantification by the MMC method seems effective using several ISs with high similarity. This kind of study on the effects of putrefaction on forensic analyses has not been reported to our knowledge.

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Title: Effects of putrefaction on the quantitative analyses of diphenhydramine in blood and tissues: model experiments by the routine matrix-matched calibration method and standard addition method with different internal standards
Authors: Keiko Kudo
Kanju Saka
Brian Waters
Kenji Hara
Aya Matsusue
Masayuki Kashiwagi
Shin-ichi Kubo
Publication date: 01-07-2021
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Keywords: Diphenhydramine
Diazepam
Published in: Forensic Toxicology / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1860-8965
Electronic ISSN: 1860-8973
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-021-00580-z

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Effects of putrefaction on the quantitative analyses of diphenhydramine in blood and tissues: model experiments by the routine matrix-matched calibration method and standard addition method with different internal standards

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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