Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2/2006

Open Access 01-12-2006 | Review

Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Metabolites, Constituents, and Extracts

Author: Melvin Williams

Published in: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition | Issue 2/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

This is the fifth in a series of six articles to discuss the major classes of dietary supplements (vitamins; minerals; amino acids; herbs or botanicals; and metabolites/constituents/extracts). The major focus is on efficacy of such dietary supplements to enhance exercise or sports performance.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Rawson E, Clarkson P: Scientifically debatable: Is creatine worth its weight?. Sports Science Exchange. 2003, 16 (4): 1–6. Rawson E, Clarkson P: Scientifically debatable: Is creatine worth its weight?. Sports Science Exchange. 2003, 16 (4): 1–6.
2.
go back to reference Metzl JD, Small E, Levine SR, Gershel JC: Creatine use among young athletes. Pediatrics. 2001, 108: 421–5. 10.1542/peds.108.2.421.CrossRef Metzl JD, Small E, Levine SR, Gershel JC: Creatine use among young athletes. Pediatrics. 2001, 108: 421–5. 10.1542/peds.108.2.421.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Casey A, Greenhaff P: Does dietary creatine supplementation play a role in skeletal muscle metabolism and performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000, 72: 607S–17S.CrossRef Casey A, Greenhaff P: Does dietary creatine supplementation play a role in skeletal muscle metabolism and performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000, 72: 607S–17S.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Snow R, Murphy R: Factors influencing creatine loading into human skeletal muscle. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2003, 31: 154–58. 10.1097/00003677-200307000-00010.CrossRef Snow R, Murphy R: Factors influencing creatine loading into human skeletal muscle. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2003, 31: 154–58. 10.1097/00003677-200307000-00010.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Burke D, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Candow DG, Mahoney D, Tarnopolsky M: Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2003, 36: 1946–55. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000093614.17517.79.CrossRef Burke D, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Candow DG, Mahoney D, Tarnopolsky M: Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2003, 36: 1946–55. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000093614.17517.79.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Syrotuik D, Bell G: Acute creatine monohydrate supplementation: A descriptive physiological profile of responders vs. nonresponders. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2004, 18: 610–17. 10.1519/12392.1.PubMed Syrotuik D, Bell G: Acute creatine monohydrate supplementation: A descriptive physiological profile of responders vs. nonresponders. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2004, 18: 610–17. 10.1519/12392.1.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Yquel RJ, Arsac LM, Thiaudiere E, Canioni P, Manier G: Effect of creatine supplementation on phosphocreatine resynthesis, inorganic phosphate accumulation and pH during intermittent maximal exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002, 20: 427–37. 10.1080/026404102317366681.CrossRef Yquel RJ, Arsac LM, Thiaudiere E, Canioni P, Manier G: Effect of creatine supplementation on phosphocreatine resynthesis, inorganic phosphate accumulation and pH during intermittent maximal exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002, 20: 427–37. 10.1080/026404102317366681.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Branch JD: Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2003, 13: 198–226.CrossRef Branch JD: Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2003, 13: 198–226.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Williams MH, Kreider RB, Branch JD: Creatine: The Power Supplement. 1999, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Williams MH, Kreider RB, Branch JD: Creatine: The Power Supplement. 1999, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
10.
go back to reference Deldicque L, Louis M, Theisen D, Nielens H, Dehoux M, Thissen JP, Rennie MJ, Francaux M: Increased IGF mRNA in human skeletal muscle after creatine supplementation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005, 37: 731–36. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000162690.39830.27.CrossRef Deldicque L, Louis M, Theisen D, Nielens H, Dehoux M, Thissen JP, Rennie MJ, Francaux M: Increased IGF mRNA in human skeletal muscle after creatine supplementation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005, 37: 731–36. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000162690.39830.27.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Willoughby D, Rosene J: Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001, 33: 1674–81. 10.1097/00005768-200110000-00010.CrossRef Willoughby D, Rosene J: Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001, 33: 1674–81. 10.1097/00005768-200110000-00010.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Volek JS, Duncan ND, Mazzetti SA, Staron RS, Putukian M, Gomez AL, Pearson DR, Fink WJ, Kraemer WJ: Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1999, 31: 1147–56. 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00011.CrossRef Volek JS, Duncan ND, Mazzetti SA, Staron RS, Putukian M, Gomez AL, Pearson DR, Fink WJ, Kraemer WJ: Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1999, 31: 1147–56. 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00011.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Olsen S, Aagaard P, Kadi F, Tufekovic G, Verney J, Olesen JL, Suetta C, Kjaer M: Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training. Journal of Physiology. 2006, 573: 525–34. 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.107359.CrossRef Olsen S, Aagaard P, Kadi F, Tufekovic G, Verney J, Olesen JL, Suetta C, Kjaer M: Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training. Journal of Physiology. 2006, 573: 525–34. 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.107359.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference American College of Sports Medicine: The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2000, 32: 706–17. 10.1097/00005768-200003000-00024.CrossRef American College of Sports Medicine: The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2000, 32: 706–17. 10.1097/00005768-200003000-00024.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Bemben M, Lamont H: Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: recent findings. Sports Medicine. 2005, 35: 107–25. 10.2165/00007256-200535020-00002.CrossRef Bemben M, Lamont H: Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: recent findings. Sports Medicine. 2005, 35: 107–25. 10.2165/00007256-200535020-00002.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kreider R: Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2003, 244: 89–94. 10.1023/A:1022465203458.CrossRef Kreider R: Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2003, 244: 89–94. 10.1023/A:1022465203458.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Volek J, Rawson E: Scientific basis and practical aspects of creatine supplementation for athletes. Nutrition. 2004, 20: 609–14. 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.014.CrossRef Volek J, Rawson E: Scientific basis and practical aspects of creatine supplementation for athletes. Nutrition. 2004, 20: 609–14. 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.014.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Williams MH: Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Sports. 2007, Boston: McGraw-Hill Williams MH: Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Sports. 2007, Boston: McGraw-Hill
19.
go back to reference Skare OC, Skadberg BT, Wisnes AR: Creatine supplementation improves sprint performance in male sprinters. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2001, 11: 96–102. 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.011002096.x.CrossRef Skare OC, Skadberg BT, Wisnes AR: Creatine supplementation improves sprint performance in male sprinters. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2001, 11: 96–102. 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.011002096.x.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Preen D, Dawson B, Goodman C, Lawrence S, Beilby J, Ching S: Effect of creatine loading on long-term sprint exercise performance and metabolism. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001, 33: 814–21.CrossRef Preen D, Dawson B, Goodman C, Lawrence S, Beilby J, Ching S: Effect of creatine loading on long-term sprint exercise performance and metabolism. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001, 33: 814–21.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Op 'T Eijnde B, Vergauwen L, Hespel P: Creatine loading does not impact on stroke performance in tennis. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2001, 22: 76–80. 10.1055/s-2001-11334.CrossRef Op 'T Eijnde B, Vergauwen L, Hespel P: Creatine loading does not impact on stroke performance in tennis. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2001, 22: 76–80. 10.1055/s-2001-11334.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Cornish S, Chilibeck PD, Burke DG: The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint skating in ice-hockey players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2006, 46: 90–98.PubMed Cornish S, Chilibeck PD, Burke DG: The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint skating in ice-hockey players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2006, 46: 90–98.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Hespel P, Maughn RJ, Greenhaff PL: Dietary supplements for football. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2006, 24: 749–61. 10.1080/02640410500482974.CrossRef Hespel P, Maughn RJ, Greenhaff PL: Dietary supplements for football. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2006, 24: 749–61. 10.1080/02640410500482974.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Cox G, Mujika I, Tumilty D, Burke L: Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite soccer players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2002, 12: 33–46.CrossRef Cox G, Mujika I, Tumilty D, Burke L: Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite soccer players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2002, 12: 33–46.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Pluim BM, Ferrauti A, Broekhof F, Deutekom M, Gotzmann A, Kuipers H, Weber K: The effects of creatine supplementation on selected factors of tennis specific training. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006, 40: 507–12. 10.1136/bjsm.2005.022558.CrossRef Pluim BM, Ferrauti A, Broekhof F, Deutekom M, Gotzmann A, Kuipers H, Weber K: The effects of creatine supplementation on selected factors of tennis specific training. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006, 40: 507–12. 10.1136/bjsm.2005.022558.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Astorino T, Marrocco AC, Gross SM, Johnson DL, Brazil CM, Icenhower ME, Kneessi RJ: Is running performance enhanced with creatine serum ingestion?. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005, 19: 730–34. 10.1519/R-16744.1.PubMed Astorino T, Marrocco AC, Gross SM, Johnson DL, Brazil CM, Icenhower ME, Kneessi RJ: Is running performance enhanced with creatine serum ingestion?. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005, 19: 730–34. 10.1519/R-16744.1.PubMed
27.
go back to reference van Loon LJ, Oosterlaar AM, Hartgens F, Hesselink MK, Snow RJ, Wagenmakers AJ: Effects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humans. Clinical Sciences. 2003, 104: 153–62. 10.1042/CS20020159. van Loon LJ, Oosterlaar AM, Hartgens F, Hesselink MK, Snow RJ, Wagenmakers AJ: Effects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humans. Clinical Sciences. 2003, 104: 153–62. 10.1042/CS20020159.
28.
go back to reference Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher JA, Rice D, Fuller JC, Connelly AS, Abumrad N: Effect of leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1996, 81: 2095–2104.CrossRef Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher JA, Rice D, Fuller JC, Connelly AS, Abumrad N: Effect of leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1996, 81: 2095–2104.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Slater G, Jenkins D: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growth and strength. Sports Medicine. 2000, 30: 105–16. 10.2165/00007256-200030020-00004.CrossRef Slater G, Jenkins D: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growth and strength. Sports Medicine. 2000, 30: 105–16. 10.2165/00007256-200030020-00004.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Panton LB, Rathmacher JA, Baier S, Nissen S: Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) during resistance training. Nutrition. 2000, 16: 734–9. 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00376-2.CrossRef Panton LB, Rathmacher JA, Baier S, Nissen S: Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) during resistance training. Nutrition. 2000, 16: 734–9. 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00376-2.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Vukovich MD, Stubbs NB, Bohlken RM: Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults. Journal of Nutrition. 2001, 131: 2049–52.CrossRef Vukovich MD, Stubbs NB, Bohlken RM: Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults. Journal of Nutrition. 2001, 131: 2049–52.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Jowko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, Nissen S: Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition. 2001, 17: 558–66. 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00540-8.CrossRef Jowko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, Nissen S: Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition. 2001, 17: 558–66. 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00540-8.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Kreider RB, Ferreira M, Wilson M, Almada AL: Effects of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during resistance training on markers of catabolism, body composition, and strength. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1999, 20: 503–509. 10.1055/s-1999-8835.CrossRef Kreider RB, Ferreira M, Wilson M, Almada AL: Effects of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during resistance training on markers of catabolism, body composition, and strength. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1999, 20: 503–509. 10.1055/s-1999-8835.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Slater G, Jenkins D, Logan P, Lee H, Vukovich M, Rathmacher JA, Hahn AG: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation does not affect changes in strength or body composition during resistive training in trained men. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2001, 11: 384–96.CrossRef Slater G, Jenkins D, Logan P, Lee H, Vukovich M, Rathmacher JA, Hahn AG: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation does not affect changes in strength or body composition during resistive training in trained men. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2001, 11: 384–96.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Hoffman JR, Cooper J, Wendell M, Im J, Kang J: Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on power performance and indices of muscle damage and stress during high-intensity training. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research. 2004, 18: 747–52. 10.1519/13973.1.PubMed Hoffman JR, Cooper J, Wendell M, Im J, Kang J: Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on power performance and indices of muscle damage and stress during high-intensity training. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research. 2004, 18: 747–52. 10.1519/13973.1.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Ransone J, Neighbors K, Lefavi R, Chromiak J: The effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on muscular strength and body composition in collegiate football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003, 17: 34–39. 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0034:TEOHMO>2.0.CO;2.PubMed Ransone J, Neighbors K, Lefavi R, Chromiak J: The effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on muscular strength and body composition in collegiate football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003, 17: 34–39. 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0034:TEOHMO>2.0.CO;2.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Palisin T, Stacy J: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and its use in athletics. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2005, 4: 220–23. 10.1007/s11932-005-0039-z.CrossRef Palisin T, Stacy J: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and its use in athletics. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2005, 4: 220–23. 10.1007/s11932-005-0039-z.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Metabolites, Constituents, and Extracts
Author
Melvin Williams
Publication date
01-12-2006
Publisher
BioMed Central
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-3-2-1

Other articles of this Issue 2/2006

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2/2006 Go to the issue