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Nutrition Journal
Published in: Nutrition Journal 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan public health center-based prospective study

Authors: Shino Oba, Akiko Nanri, Kayo Kurotani, Atsushi Goto, Masayuki Kato, Tetsuya Mizoue, Mitsuhiko Noda, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, For the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group

Published in: Nutrition Journal | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Japanese diets contain a relatively high amount of carbohydrates, and its high dietary glycemic index and glycemic load may raise the risk of diabetes in the Japanese population. The current study evaluated the associations between the dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a population based cohort in Japan.

Methods

We observed 27,769 men and 36,864 women (45–75 y) who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. The dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were estimated using a food-frequency questionnaire. The development of diabetes was reported in a questionnaire administered five years later, and the associations were analyzed using logistic regression after controlling for age, area, total energy intake, smoking status, family history of diabetes, physical activity, hypertension, BMI, alcohol intake, magnesium, calcium, dietary fiber and coffee intake, and occupation.

Results

The dietary glycemic load was positively associated with the risk of diabetes among women: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio comparing the highest vs. the lowest quartile was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.13-2.04; P-trend = 0.01). The association was implied to be stronger among women with BMI < 25 than the women with BMI ≥ 25. The dietary glycemic index was positively associated with the risk of diabetes among men with a high intake of total fat: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio comparing the highest vs. the lowest quartile was 1.46 (95% CI, 0.94-2.28; P-trend = 0.04). Among women with a high total fat intake, those in the first and second quartiles of the dietary glycemic index had a significant reduced risk of diabetes, compared with those in the first quartile who had a lower total fat level (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 0.59 with 95% CI, 0.37-0.94, and odds ratio = 0.63 with 95% CI, 0.40-0.998 respectively).

Conclusions

The population-based cohort study in Japan indicated that diets with a high dietary glycemic load increase the risk of type 2 diabetes among women. Total fat intake may modify the association between the dietary glycemic index and the risk of type 2 diabetes among men and women.
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Metadata
Title
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan public health center-based prospective study
Authors
Shino Oba
Akiko Nanri
Kayo Kurotani
Atsushi Goto
Masayuki Kato
Tetsuya Mizoue
Mitsuhiko Noda
Manami Inoue
Shoichiro Tsugane
For the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Nutrition Journal / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2891
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-165

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