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International Urogynecology Journal
Published in: International Urogynecology Journal 9/2013

01-09-2013 | Original Article

Diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum using transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography

Authors: Yi Dai, Jia Wang, Hong Shen, Rui-Ning Zhao, Yong-Zhong Li

Published in: International Urogynecology Journal | Issue 9/2013

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

This study investigated the value of transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography for the diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum (UD) by comparing results of contrast-enhanced ultrasound images and surgical findings.

Methods

A total of 14 female UD patients underwent preoperative transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography between July 2010 and June 2012. History and physical examination were initially assessed by the same urologist. Transvaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging was performed and interpreted by the same ultrasonographer. Definite diagnosis was made by tracking the flow of the microbubbles into the cyst. Additionally, sagittal, cross-sectional, and dynamic images were obtained, and color Doppler ultrasound was applied in all cases. Data on the size, location, configuration, and opening of the UD was documented, and then compared with the surgical findings.

Results

The most common symptoms presenting in the UD patients included urinary incontinence (71.5 %), recurrent urinary tract infection (57.1 %), frequency (50 %), urgency (35.7 %), dysuria (35.7 %), and dyspareunia (21.4 %). On physical examination, 8 out of 14 patients (57.1 %) had a palpable anterior vaginal wall mass, while 6 out of 14 patients (42.9 %) had no palpable mass. Transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography revealed 17 diverticula orifices in total and correlated well with surgical findings regarding the size, location, configuration, and the opening of the UD.

Conclusions

In patients with chronic irritative bladder symptoms, but with no response to conventional treatment a high index of suspicion for UD should be maintained. Our study demonstrates that transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography is a useful tool for defining the size, location, configuration, and opening of the UD before surgery.
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Metadata
Title
Diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum using transvaginal contrast-enhanced sonourethrography
Authors
Yi Dai
Jia Wang
Hong Shen
Rui-Ning Zhao
Yong-Zhong Li
Publication date
01-09-2013
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
International Urogynecology Journal / Issue 9/2013
Print ISSN: 0937-3462
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-012-2036-0

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