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Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine

Published in:

01-03-2015 | Biological Adjuvants in Orthopedic Surgery (J Dines and D Grande, Section Editors)

Developments in intervertebral disc disease research: pathophysiology, mechanobiology, and therapeutics

Authors: Kathryn T. Weber, Timothy D. Jacobsen, Robert Maidhof, Justin Virojanapa, Chris Overby, Ona Bloom, Shaheda Quraishi, Mitchell Levine, Nadeen O. Chahine

Published in: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and the second most common cause of physician visits. There are many causes of back pain, and among them, disc herniation and intervertebral disc degeneration are the most common diagnoses and targets for intervention. Currently, clinical treatment outcomes are not strongly correlated with diagnoses, emphasizing the importance for characterizing more completely the mechanisms of degeneration and their relationships with symptoms. This review covers recent studies elucidating cellular and molecular changes associated with disc mechanobiology, as it relates to degeneration and regeneration. Specifically, we review findings on the biochemical changes in disc diseases, including cytokines, chemokines, and proteases; advancements in disc disease diagnostics using imaging modalities; updates on studies examining the response of the intervertebral disc to injury; and recent developments in repair strategies, including cell-based repair, biomaterials, and tissue engineering. Findings on the effects of the omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid, on nucleus pulposus tissue engineering are presented. Studies described in this review provide greater insights into the pathogenesis of disc degeneration and may define new paradigms for early or differential diagnostics of degeneration using new techniques such as systemic biomarkers. In addition, research on the mechanobiology of disease enriches the development of therapeutics for disc repair, with potential to diminish pain and disability associated with disc degeneration.

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Title: Developments in intervertebral disc disease research: pathophysiology, mechanobiology, and therapeutics
Authors: Kathryn T. Weber
Timothy D. Jacobsen
Robert Maidhof
Justin Virojanapa
Chris Overby
Ona Bloom
Shaheda Quraishi
Mitchell Levine
Nadeen O. Chahine
Publication date: 01-03-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1935-9748
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-014-9253-8

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Developments in intervertebral disc disease research: pathophysiology, mechanobiology, and therapeutics

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