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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Development, validation, and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire-Pregnancy (CPQ-P)

Authors: Ee Yin Kok, Satvinder Kaur, Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri, Nurliyana Abdul Razak, Masaki Takahashi

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

During pregnancy, physiological changes can affect eating and sleeping habits, which may eventually have negative consequences for maternal and foetal health. To better understand these changes, it is essential to develop a reliable questionnaire that addresses lifestyle habits such as snacking and daytime napping. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire-Pregnancy (CPQ-P).

Methods

A total of 399 women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy were recruited from government maternal and child health clinics in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and completed a self-administered online questionnaire. Content validity was conducted with an expert panel consisting of 4 members. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using maximum likelihood was conducted to determine the construct validity. Internal consistency was determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (CAC), while the test-retest reliability was conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The questionnaire had an appropriate content validity index of 0.91. The CPQ-P consists of 22 items, measuring 5 constructs, including morning chrono-habits, sleeping habits, evening eating, temporal eating, and pregnancy symptoms. The factor model showed good fit with χ2/df = 2.486, GFI = 0.893, CFI = 0.912, and RMSEA = 0.065. The 22 items in CPQ-P showed fair to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.42 to 0.98). The 5 constructs in CPQ-P were found to have a good to excellent internal consistency (α = 0.612–0.963).

Conclusions

The CPQ-P is a valid and reliable tool for assessing lifestyle habits during pregnancy. The questionnaire can be used to identify areas where pregnant women may need additional support or intervention to adopt healthy behaviours and reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.

Trial registration

NCT05700136 (clinicaltrials.gov). Trial registration date: 26/01/2023.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Development, validation, and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire-Pregnancy (CPQ-P)
Authors
Ee Yin Kok
Satvinder Kaur
Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
Nurliyana Abdul Razak
Masaki Takahashi
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06403-4

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