Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal for Equity in Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Determinants of willingness to pay for the retreatment of insecticide treated mosquito nets in rural area of eastern Ethiopia

Authors: Sibhatu Biadgilign, Ayalu Aklilu Reda, Haji Kedir

Published in: International Journal for Equity in Health | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

Is to determine willingness to pay(WTP)/demand for the retreatment of Insecticide treated mosquito nets for malaria control in Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gursum district in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 335 households were surveyed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Multivariable regression analyses using the Tobit model were used to test the theoretical validity of elicited WTP.

Results

About 159(76.4 %) of them have received a treated insecticide when they obtained. One hundred twenty five (60.4 %) know that the net should be retreated. Around 110(50.7 %), 80(36.9 %) and 27(12.4 %) of the participants feel that the current price of ITNs as negotiable/ not as such expensive, expensive and cheap. About 306(96.5 %) of them reported that they support that ITNs be given freely and 257(82.9 %) were mentioned that the retreatment service should be provided without charge. The WTP amounts ranged from 0 to 10.4 USD. The mean with SD of the respondents from open ended elicitation method for willingness to pay was 1 USD and 1.53 USD. The reduced tobit regression models showed that average income more than 10.4 USD per month and those household who live within a distance in 30 min to the health facility were the determinant for willingness to pay.

Conclusion

The mean with SD of the respondents for willingness to pay was 1 USD and 1.53 USD. Average monthly income and those household who live within a distance in 30 min to the health facility were determinant for willingness to pay. Government and other development partners should seek a mechanism to make a subsidy or free of charge for the retreatment services. Differential treatment from the public to address the poor and vulnerable households and those who are living far distance from the local health facility is warranted.
Literature
1.
go back to reference WHO. World malaria report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. WHO. World malaria report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
2.
go back to reference Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Fox-Rushby J. Inequalities in purchase of mosquito nets and willingness to pay for insecticide-treated nets in Nigeria: challenges for malaria control interventions. Malar J. 2004;16(3):6.CrossRef Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Fox-Rushby J. Inequalities in purchase of mosquito nets and willingness to pay for insecticide-treated nets in Nigeria: challenges for malaria control interventions. Malar J. 2004;16(3):6.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Binka F, Akweongo P. Prevention of malaria using ITNs: potential for achieving the millennium development goals. Curr Mol Med. 2006;6(2):261–7.CrossRefPubMed Binka F, Akweongo P. Prevention of malaria using ITNs: potential for achieving the millennium development goals. Curr Mol Med. 2006;6(2):261–7.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Gunasekaran K, Sahu S, Vijayakumar K, Jambulingam P. Acceptability, willing to purchase and use long lasting insecticide treated mosquito nets in Orissa State. India Acta Trop. 2009;112(2):149–55.CrossRefPubMed Gunasekaran K, Sahu S, Vijayakumar K, Jambulingam P. Acceptability, willing to purchase and use long lasting insecticide treated mosquito nets in Orissa State. India Acta Trop. 2009;112(2):149–55.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference FMOH. Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia, ministry of heallth: National five-year strategic plan for malaria prevention and control in Ethiopia 2006–2010. Addis Ababa: Federal Ministry of Health; 2006. FMOH. Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia, ministry of heallth: National five-year strategic plan for malaria prevention and control in Ethiopia 2006–2010. Addis Ababa: Federal Ministry of Health; 2006.
6.
go back to reference Onwujekwe O, El FM, Mustafa S, Mnzava A. Socio-economic inequity in demand for insecticide-treated nets, in-door residual house spraying, larviciding and fogging in Sudan. Malar J. 2005;15(4):62.CrossRef Onwujekwe O, El FM, Mustafa S, Mnzava A. Socio-economic inequity in demand for insecticide-treated nets, in-door residual house spraying, larviciding and fogging in Sudan. Malar J. 2005;15(4):62.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Jima D, Tesfaye G, Deresse W, Woyessa A, Kebede D, Alamirew D. Baseline survey for the implementation of ITN in malaria control in Ethiopia. EJHD. 2005;19(1):17–22. Jima D, Tesfaye G, Deresse W, Woyessa A, Kebede D, Alamirew D. Baseline survey for the implementation of ITN in malaria control in Ethiopia. EJHD. 2005;19(1):17–22.
8.
go back to reference Taye B. Economic cost of malaria in rural households and willingness to pay for bed net in Western Shoa. Master’s Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Economics department. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2001. Taye B. Economic cost of malaria in rural households and willingness to pay for bed net in Western Shoa. Master’s Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Economics department. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2001.
9.
go back to reference Gebresilassie F, Mariam D. Factors influencing people’s willingness-to-buy insecticide-treated bednets in Arbaminch Zuria District, southern Ethiopia. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(3):200–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Gebresilassie F, Mariam D. Factors influencing people’s willingness-to-buy insecticide-treated bednets in Arbaminch Zuria District, southern Ethiopia. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(3):200–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Trapero-Bertran M, Mistry H, Shen J, Fox-Rushby J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of willingness-to-pay values: the case of malaria control interventions. Health Econ. 2013;22(4):428–50.CrossRefPubMed Trapero-Bertran M, Mistry H, Shen J, Fox-Rushby J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of willingness-to-pay values: the case of malaria control interventions. Health Econ. 2013;22(4):428–50.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Olsen J, Smith R. Theory versus practice: a review of ‘willingness-to-pay’ in health and health care. Health Econ. 2001;10(1):39–52.CrossRefPubMed Olsen J, Smith R. Theory versus practice: a review of ‘willingness-to-pay’ in health and health care. Health Econ. 2001;10(1):39–52.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference EHOARD. Annual plan of Gursum district. Eastern Harerghe Office of Agriculture and Rural Development(EHOARD). Gursum district, East Hararge, Ethiopia; 2013. EHOARD. Annual plan of Gursum district. Eastern Harerghe Office of Agriculture and Rural Development(EHOARD). Gursum district, East Hararge, Ethiopia; 2013.
13.
go back to reference Onwujekwe O. Criterion and content validity of a novel structured haggling contingent valuation question format versus the bidding game and binary with follow-up format. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(3):525–37.CrossRefPubMed Onwujekwe O. Criterion and content validity of a novel structured haggling contingent valuation question format versus the bidding game and binary with follow-up format. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(3):525–37.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Diener A, O’Brien B, Gafni A. Health care contingent valuation studies: a review and classification of the literature. Health Econ. 1998;7(4):313–26.CrossRefPubMed Diener A, O’Brien B, Gafni A. Health care contingent valuation studies: a review and classification of the literature. Health Econ. 1998;7(4):313–26.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Brouwer R, Bateman I. Benefits transfer of willingness to pay estimates and functions for health-risk reductions: a cross-country study. J Health Econ. 2005;24(3):591–611.CrossRefPubMed Brouwer R, Bateman I. Benefits transfer of willingness to pay estimates and functions for health-risk reductions: a cross-country study. J Health Econ. 2005;24(3):591–611.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Mitchell RC, Carson RT. Using surveys to value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resource for the FutureWashington DC. 1989. Mitchell RC, Carson RT. Using surveys to value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resource for the FutureWashington DC. 1989.
17.
go back to reference RBM: Roll Back Malaria, MEASURE Evaluation, World Health Organization, UNICEF. Guidelines for core population coverage indicators for roll back malaria: To be obtained from household surveys. Calverton: MEASURE Evaluation; 2006. RBM: Roll Back Malaria, MEASURE Evaluation, World Health Organization, UNICEF. Guidelines for core population coverage indicators for roll back malaria: To be obtained from household surveys. Calverton: MEASURE Evaluation; 2006.
18.
go back to reference Donaldson CJA, Mapp TJ, Olson JA. Limited dependent variables in willingness to pay studies: applications in health care. Appl Econs. 1998;30:667–77.CrossRef Donaldson CJA, Mapp TJ, Olson JA. Limited dependent variables in willingness to pay studies: applications in health care. Appl Econs. 1998;30:667–77.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Fox-Rushby J. Who buys insecticide-treated nets? Implications for increasing coverage in Nigeria. Health Policy Plan. 2003;18(3):279–89.CrossRefPubMed Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Fox-Rushby J. Who buys insecticide-treated nets? Implications for increasing coverage in Nigeria. Health Policy Plan. 2003;18(3):279–89.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Onwujekwe OCR, Shu E, Nwagbo D, Akpala C, Okonkwo P. Altruistic willingness to pay in community-based sales of insecticide-treated nets exists in Nigeria. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(4):519–27.CrossRefPubMed Onwujekwe OCR, Shu E, Nwagbo D, Akpala C, Okonkwo P. Altruistic willingness to pay in community-based sales of insecticide-treated nets exists in Nigeria. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(4):519–27.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Lines JLC, Cham K, de Savigny D, Chimumbwa J, Langi P, Carroll D, et al. Scaling-up and sustaining insecticide-treated net coverage. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(8):465–6. discussion 467-468.CrossRefPubMed Lines JLC, Cham K, de Savigny D, Chimumbwa J, Langi P, Carroll D, et al. Scaling-up and sustaining insecticide-treated net coverage. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(8):465–6. discussion 467-468.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Curtis C, Maxwell CLM, Kilama WL, Steketee RW, Hawley WA, Bergevin Y, et al. Scaling-up coverage with insecticide-treated nets against malaria in Africa: who should pay? Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(5):304–7.CrossRefPubMed Curtis C, Maxwell CLM, Kilama WL, Steketee RW, Hawley WA, Bergevin Y, et al. Scaling-up coverage with insecticide-treated nets against malaria in Africa: who should pay? Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(5):304–7.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Maxwell C, Lemnge M, Sudi M, Curtis CF. Re-treatment of bednets in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2003;97(1):122.CrossRefPubMed Maxwell C, Lemnge M, Sudi M, Curtis CF. Re-treatment of bednets in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2003;97(1):122.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Barat L, Palmer NBS, Worrall E, Hanson K, Mills A. Do malaria control interventions reach the poor? A view through the equity lens. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2 Suppl):174–8.PubMed Barat L, Palmer NBS, Worrall E, Hanson K, Mills A. Do malaria control interventions reach the poor? A view through the equity lens. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2 Suppl):174–8.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Legesse Y, Tegegn A, Belachew T, Tushune K. Households willingness to pay for long-lasting insecticide treated nets in three urban communities of Assosa Zone, western Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2007;45(4):353–62.PubMed Legesse Y, Tegegn A, Belachew T, Tushune K. Households willingness to pay for long-lasting insecticide treated nets in three urban communities of Assosa Zone, western Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2007;45(4):353–62.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Aleme A, Girma E, Fentahun N. Willingness to Pay for Insecticide-Treated Nets in Berehet District, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia. Implication Of Social Marketing. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 2014;24(1):75–84. Aleme A, Girma E, Fentahun N. Willingness to Pay for Insecticide-Treated Nets in Berehet District, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia. Implication Of Social Marketing. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 2014;24(1):75–84.
27.
go back to reference Kaliyaperumal K, Mengistie E, Dagnew Z, Deboch B. Examining household possession and willingness to pay for the retreatment of ITNs with insecticides among local residences in a malaria endemic area. East Afr J Public Health. 2010;7(4):305–10.PubMed Kaliyaperumal K, Mengistie E, Dagnew Z, Deboch B. Examining household possession and willingness to pay for the retreatment of ITNs with insecticides among local residences in a malaria endemic area. East Afr J Public Health. 2010;7(4):305–10.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Dong H, Kouyate B, Snow R, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R. Gender’s effect on willingness-to-pay for community-based insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Policy. 2003;64(2):153–62.CrossRefPubMed Dong H, Kouyate B, Snow R, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R. Gender’s effect on willingness-to-pay for community-based insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Policy. 2003;64(2):153–62.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Determinants of willingness to pay for the retreatment of insecticide treated mosquito nets in rural area of eastern Ethiopia
Authors
Sibhatu Biadgilign
Ayalu Aklilu Reda
Haji Kedir
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
International Journal for Equity in Health / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1475-9276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0249-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

International Journal for Equity in Health 1/2015 Go to the issue