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BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2021

01-12-2021 | Denture | Research

Oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community‐dwelling older adults

Authors: Laura Bárbara Velázquez-Olmedo, Socorro Aída Borges-Yáñez, Patricia Andrade Palos, Carmen García-Peña, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo, Sergio Sánchez-García

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

To determine the association between oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

Population-based, case-cohort study derived from the Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults (COSFOMA) study, including data from years 2015 and 2016. Using latent class analysis, we determined the oral health condition of older adults with teeth (t0), i.e., functional teeth, presence of coronal caries, root caries, periodontal disease, dental calculus, dental biofilm, root remains, xerostomia, and need for dental prosthesis. Edentulous was considered as a separate class. Criteria of the Frailty Phenotype (t1) by Fried et al. were used: weight loss, self-report of exhaustion, walking speed, decreased muscle strength, and low physical activity. The presence of three or more criteria indicated a frail condition. The strength of the association (odds ratio, OR) between oral health condition and development of frailty was estimated through bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for the other variables of study: sociodemographic data (sex, age, marital status, level of education, paid work activity, and living alone), comorbidities, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, nutritional status, and use of oral health services.

Results

663 non-frail older adults were evaluated, with a mean age of 68.1 years (SD ± 6.1), of whom 55.7% were women. In t0, a three-class model with an acceptable value was obtained (entropy = 0.796). The study participants were classified as: edentulous persons (6.9%); Class 1 = Acceptable oral health (57.9%); Class 2 = Somewhat acceptable oral health (13.9%); and Class 3 = Poor oral health (21.3%). In t1, 18.0% (n = 97) of participants developed frailty. Using Acceptable oral health (Class 1) as a reference, we observed that older adults with edentulism (OR 4.1, OR adjusted 2.3) and Poor oral health (OR 2.4, OR adjusted 2.2) were at an increased risk of developing frailty compared to those with Acceptable oral health.

Conclusion

Older adults with edentulism and poor oral health had an increased risk of developing frailty over a 12-month period.
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Metadata
Title
Oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors
Laura Bárbara Velázquez-Olmedo
Socorro Aída Borges-Yáñez
Patricia Andrade Palos
Carmen García-Peña
Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo
Sergio Sánchez-García
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01718-6

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