Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Review

Dendritic cells during Staphylococcus aureus infection: subsets and roles

Authors: Xuejie Wu, Feng Xu

Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs orient the immune responses by modulating the balance between protective immunity to pathogens and tolerance to self-antigens. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common member of human skin microbiota and can cause severe infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Protective immunity to pathogens by DCs is required for clearance of S. aureus. DCs sense the presence of the staphylococcal components using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and then orchestrate immune systems to resolve infections. This review summarizes the possible roles of DCs, in particular their Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in S. aureus infection and strategies by which the pathogen affects activation and function of DCs.

Available only for authorised users

Steinman RM, Cohn ZA: Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution. J Exp Med. 1973, 137 (5): 1142-1162. 10.1084/jem.137.5.1142.PubMedCentralPubMed

Joffre OP, Segura E, Savina A, Amigorena S: Cross-presentation by dendritic cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012, 12 (8): 557-569. 10.1038/nri3254.PubMed

Morelli AE, Thomson AW: Tolerogenic dendritic cells and the quest for transplant tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007, 7 (8): 610-621. 10.1038/nri2132.PubMed

Banchereau J, Steinman RM: Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature. 1998, 392 (6673): 245-252. 10.1038/32588.PubMed

Steinman RM, Banchereau J: Taking dendritic cells into medicine. Nature. 2007, 449 (7161): 419-426. 10.1038/nature06175.PubMed

Yamazaki S, Iyoda T, Tarbell K, Olson K, Velinzon K, Inaba K, Steinman RM: Direct expansion of functional CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by antigen-processing dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2003, 198 (2): 235-247. 10.1084/jem.20030422.PubMedCentralPubMed

Yamazaki S, Morita A: Dendritic cells in the periphery control antigen-specific natural and induced regulatory T cells. Front Immunol. 2013, 4: 151-10.3389/fimmu.2013.00151.PubMedCentralPubMed

Guilliams M, Ginhoux F, Jakubzick C, Naik SH, Onai N, Schraml BU, Segura E, Tussiwand R, Yona S: Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014, 14 (8): 571-578. 10.1038/nri3712.PubMedCentralPubMed

Dalod M, Chelbi R, Malissen B, Lawrence T: Dendritic cell maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity and transcriptional programming. EMBO J. 2014, 33 (10): 1104-1116. 10.1002/embj.201488027.PubMedCentralPubMed

10.

Guilliams M, Henri S, Tamoutounour S, Ardouin L, Schwartz-Cornil I, Dalod M, Malissen B: From skin dendritic cells to a simplified classification of human and mouse dendritic cell subsets. Eur J Immunol. 2010, 40 (8): 2089-2094. 10.1002/eji.201040498.PubMed

11.

Steinman RM: Decisions about dendritic cells: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Immunol. 2012, 30: 1-22. 10.1146/annurev-immunol-100311-102839.PubMed

12.

Murillo N, Raoult D: Skin microbiota: overview and role in the skin diseases acne vulgaris and rosacea. Future Microbiol. 2013, 8 (2): 209-222. 10.2217/fmb.12.141.PubMed

13.

Xu F, Diao R, Liu J, Kang Y, Wang X, Shi L: Curcumin attenuates staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury. Clin Respir J 2014, Jan 24. doi: 10.1111/crj.12113.

14.

Spaan AN, Surewaard BG, Nijland R, van Strijp JA: Neutrophils versus Staphylococcus aureus: a biological tug of war. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2013, 67: 629-650. 10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155746.PubMed

15.

Foster TJ: Immune evasion by staphylococci. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005, 3 (12): 948-958. 10.1038/nrmicro1289.PubMed

16.

Graves SF, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus immune evasion and virulence. J Mol Med (Berl). 2010, 88 (2): 109-114. 10.1007/s00109-009-0573-x.

17.

Xu F, Kang Y, Zhang H, Piao Z, Yin H, Diao R, Xia J, Shi L: Akt1-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary infection. J Infect Dis. 2013, 208 (3): 528-538. 10.1093/infdis/jit177.PubMed

18.

Rodvold KA, McConeghy KW: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapy: past, present, and future. Clin Infect Dis. 2014, 58 (Suppl 1): S20-27. 10.1093/cid/cit614.PubMed

19.

Li M, Du X, Villaruz AE, Diep BA, Wang D, Song Y, Tian Y, Hu J, Yu F, Lu Y, Otto M: MRSA epidemic linked to a quickly spreading colonization and virulence determinant. Nat Med 2012, 18(5):816-819.PubMedCentralPubMed

20.

Lin MY, Hayden MK: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: recognition and prevention in intensive care units. Crit Care Med. 2010, 38 (8 Suppl): S335-344. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e6ab12.PubMed

21.

Boucher H, Miller LG, Razonable RR: Serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 51 (Suppl 2): S183-197. 10.1086/653519.PubMed

22.

Takeuchi O, Akira S: Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell. 2010, 140 (6): 805-820. 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022.PubMed

23.

West AP, Koblansky AA, Ghosh S: Recognition and signaling by toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2006, 22: 409-437. 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.115827.PubMed

24.

O'Neill LA, Golenbock D, Bowie AG: The history of Toll-like receptors - redefining innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013, 13 (6): 453-460. 10.1038/nri3446.PubMed

25.

Kawai T, Akira S: TLR signaling. Semin Immunol. 2007, 19 (1): 24-32. 10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.004.PubMed

26.

Everts B, Amiel E, Huang SC, Smith AM, Chang CH, Lam WY, Redmann V, Freitas TC, Blagih J, van der Windt GJ, Artyomov MN1, Jones RG, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ1: TLR-driven early glycolytic reprogramming via the kinases TBK1-IKKvarepsilon supports the anabolic demands of dendritic cell activation. Nat Immunol 2014, 15(4):323-332.

27.

Zanoni I, Granucci F: Regulation of antigen uptake, migration, and lifespan of dendritic cell by Toll-like receptors. J Mol Med (Berl). 2010, 88 (9): 873-880. 10.1007/s00109-010-0638-x.

28.

Ito T, Amakawa R, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Tajima K, Uehira K, Ozaki Y, Tomizawa H, Akira S, Fukuhara S: Interferon-alpha and interleukin-12 are induced differentially by Toll-like receptor 7 ligands in human blood dendritic cell subsets. J Exp Med. 2002, 195 (11): 1507-1512. 10.1084/jem.20020207.PubMedCentralPubMed

29.

Kadowaki N, Ho S, Antonenko S, Malefyt RW, Kastelein RA, Bazan F, Liu YJ: Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med. 2001, 194 (6): 863-869. 10.1084/jem.194.6.863.PubMedCentralPubMed

30.

Bao M, Liu YJ: Regulation of TLR7/9 signaling in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Protein Cell. 2013, 4 (1): 40-52. 10.1007/s13238-012-2104-8.PubMedCentralPubMed

31.

Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S: Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003, 21: 335-376. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126.PubMed

32.

Mandron M, Aries MF, Brehm RD, Tranter HS, Acharya KR, Charveron M, Davrinche C: Human dendritic cells conditioned with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B promote TH2 cell polarization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006, 117 (5): 1141-1147. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1360.PubMed

33.

Fournier B, Philpott DJ: Recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the innate immune system. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005, 18 (3): 521-540. 10.1128/CMR.18.3.521-540.2005.PubMedCentralPubMed

34.

Inden K, Kaneko J, Miyazato A, Yamamoto N, Mouri S, Shibuya Y, Nakamura K, Aoyagi T, Hatta M, Kunishima H, Hirakata Y, Itoh Y, Kaku M, Kawakami K: Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of myeloid dendritic cells by leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbes Infect 2009, 11(2):245-253.PubMed

35.

Ito T, Inaba M, Inaba K, Toki J, Sogo S, Iguchi T, Adachi Y, Yamaguchi K, Amakawa R, Valladeau J, Saeland S, Fukuhara S, Ikehara S: A CD1a+/CD11c+ subset of human blood dendritic cells is a direct precursor of Langerhans cells. J Immunol 1999, 163(3):1409-1419.PubMed

36.

Traver D, Akashi K, Manz M, Merad M, Miyamoto T, Engleman EG, Weissman IL: Development of CD8alpha-positive dendritic cells from a common myeloid progenitor. Science. 2000, 290 (5499): 2152-2154. 10.1126/science.290.5499.2152.PubMed

37.

D'Amico A, Wu L: The early progenitors of mouse dendritic cells and plasmacytoid predendritic cells are within the bone marrow hemopoietic precursors expressing Flt3. J Exp Med. 2003, 198 (2): 293-303. 10.1084/jem.20030107.PubMedCentralPubMed

38.

Karsunky H, Merad M, Cozzio A, Weissman IL, Manz MG: Flt3 ligand regulates dendritic cell development from Flt3+ lymphoid and myeloid-committed progenitors to Flt3+ dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med. 2003, 198 (2): 305-313. 10.1084/jem.20030323.PubMedCentralPubMed

39.

Wu L, Liu YJ: Development of dendritic-cell lineages. Immunity. 2007, 26 (6): 741-750. 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.06.006.PubMed

40.

Heath WR, Carbone FR: Dendritic cell subsets in primary and secondary T cell responses at body surfaces. Nat Immunol. 2009, 10 (12): 1237-1244. 10.1038/ni.1822.PubMed

41.

Mildner A, Jung S: Development and function of dendritic cell subsets. Immunity. 2014, 40 (5): 642-656. 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.016.PubMed

42.

Reizis B: Classical dendritic cells as a unique immune cell lineage. J Exp Med. 2012, 209 (6): 1053-1056. 10.1084/jem.20121038.PubMedCentralPubMed

43.

Schreibelt G, Klinkenberg LJ, Cruz LJ, Tacken PJ, Tel J, Kreutz M, Adema GJ, Brown GD, Figdor CG, de Vries IJ: The C-type lectin receptor CLEC9A mediates antigen uptake and (cross-)presentation by human blood BDCA3+ myeloid dendritic cells. Blood. 2012, 119 (10): 2284-2292. 10.1182/blood-2011-08-373944.PubMed

44.

Breece E, Paciotti B, Nordahl CW, Ozonoff S, Van de Water JA, Rogers SJ, Amaral D, Ashwood P: Myeloid dendritic cells frequencies are increased in children with autism spectrum disorder and associated with amygdala volume and repetitive behaviors. Brain Behav Immun. 2013, 31: 69-75. 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.006.PubMedCentralPubMed

45.

Jarrossay D, Napolitani G, Colonna M, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A: Specialization and complementarity in microbial molecule recognition by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 2001, 31 (11): 3388-3393. 10.1002/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3388::AID-IMMU3388>3.0.CO;2-Q.PubMed

46.

Poulin LF, Salio M, Griessinger E, Anjos-Afonso F, Craciun L, Chen JL, Keller AM, Joffre O, Zelenay S, Nye E, Le Moine A, Faure F, Donckier V, Sancho D, Cerundolo V, Bonnet D, Reis e Sousa C: Characterization of human DNGR-1+ BDCA3+ leukocytes as putative equivalents of mouse CD8alpha+ dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2010, 207(6):1261-1271.PubMedCentralPubMed

47.

Flacher V, Bouschbacher M, Verronese E, Massacrier C, Sisirak V, Berthier-Vergnes O, de Saint-Vis B, Caux C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Lebecque S, Valladeau J: Human Langerhans cells express a specific TLR profile and differentially respond to viruses and Gram-positive bacteria. J Immunol 2006, 177(11):7959-7967.PubMed

48.

Park BS, Song DH, Kim HM, Choi BS, Lee H, Lee JO: The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Nature. 2009, 458 (7242): 1191-1195. 10.1038/nature07830.PubMed

49.

Uematsu S, Fujimoto K, Jang MH, Yang BG, Jung YJ, Nishiyama M, Sato S, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto M, Yokota Y, Kiyono H, Miyasaka M, Ishii KJ, Akira S: Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5. Nat Immunol 2008, 9(7):769-776.PubMed

50.

Meng Y, Chen C, Wang L, Wang X, Tian C, Du J, Li HH: Toll-like receptor-2 ligand peptidoglycan upregulates expression and ubiquitin ligase activity of CHIP through JNK pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2013, 32 (4): 1097-1105. 10.1159/000354509.PubMed

51.

Schreibelt G, Tel J, Sliepen KH, Benitez-Ribas D, Figdor CG, Adema GJ, de Vries IJ: Toll-like receptor expression and function in human dendritic cell subsets: implications for dendritic cell-based anti-cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010, 59 (10): 1573-1582. 10.1007/s00262-010-0833-1.PubMed

52.

Kariko K, Buckstein M, Ni H, Weissman D: Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA. Immunity. 2005, 23 (2): 165-175. 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008.PubMed

53.

Cheng YS, Xu F: Anticancer function of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010, 10 (12): 1219-1223. 10.4161/cbt.10.12.13450.PubMed

54.

Corcoran L, Ferrero I, Vremec D, Lucas K, Waithman J, O'Keeffe M, Wu L, Wilson A, Shortman K: The lymphoid past of mouse plasmacytoid cells and thymic dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2003, 170 (10): 4926-4932. 10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.4926.PubMed

55.

Krug A, Towarowski A, Britsch S, Rothenfusser S, Hornung V, Bals R, Giese T, Engelmann H, Endres S, Krieg AM, Hartmann G: Toll-like receptor expression reveals CpG DNA as a unique microbial stimulus for plasmacytoid dendritic cells which synergizes with CD40 ligand to induce high amounts of IL-12. Eur J Immunol 2001, 31(10):3026-3037.PubMed

56.

Matsumoto M, Funami K, Tanabe M, Oshiumi H, Shingai M, Seto Y, Yamamoto A, Seya T: Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2003, 171 (6): 3154-3162. 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3154.PubMed

57.

Hasan U, Chaffois C, Gaillard C, Saulnier V, Merck E, Tancredi S, Guiet C, Briere F, Vlach J, Lebecque S, Trinchieri G, Bates EE: Human TLR10 is a functional receptor, expressed by B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which activates gene transcription through MyD88. J Immunol 2005, 174(5):2942-2950.PubMed

58.

Hornung V, Rothenfusser S, Britsch S, Krug A, Jahrsdorfer B, Giese T, Endres S, Hartmann G: Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol. 2002, 168 (9): 4531-4537. 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4531.PubMed

59.

Otto M: Staphylococcus aureus toxins. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014, 17: 32-37. 10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004.PubMed

60.

Grumann D, Nubel U, Broker BM: Staphylococcus aureus toxins–their functions and genetics. Infect Genet Evol. 2014, 21: 583-592. 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.013.PubMed

61.

DuMont AL, Torres VJ: Cell targeting by the Staphylococcus aureus pore-forming toxins: it's not just about lipids. Trends Microbiol. 2014, 22 (1): 21-27. 10.1016/j.tim.2013.10.004.PubMedCentralPubMed

62.

Bhakdi S, Muhly M, Korom S, Hugo F: Release of interleukin-1 beta associated with potent cytocidal action of staphylococcal alpha-toxin on human monocytes. Infect Immun. 1989, 57 (11): 3512-3519.PubMedCentralPubMed

63.

Valeva A, Walev I, Pinkernell M, Walker B, Bayley H, Palmer M, Bhakdi S: Transmembrane beta-barrel of staphylococcal alpha-toxin forms in sensitive but not in resistant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997, 94 (21): 11607-11611. 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11607.PubMedCentralPubMed

64.

Kaneko J, Kamio Y: Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures, pore-forming mechanism, and organization of the genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004, 68 (5): 981-1003. 10.1271/bbb.68.981.PubMed

65.

Dumont AL, Nygaard TK, Watkins RL, Smith A, Kozhaya L, Kreiswirth BN, Shopsin B, Unutmaz D, Voyich JM, Torres VJ: Characterization of a new cytotoxin that contributes to Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. Mol Microbiol. 2011, 79 (3): 814-825. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07490.x.PubMedCentralPubMed

66.

Ventura CL, Malachowa N, Hammer CH, Nardone GA, Robinson MA, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR: Identification of a novel Staphylococcus aureus two-component leukotoxin using cell surface proteomics. PLoS One. 2010, 5 (7): e11634-10.1371/journal.pone.0011634.PubMedCentralPubMed

67.

Rautenberg M, Joo HS, Otto M, Peschel A: Neutrophil responses to staphylococcal pathogens and commensals via the formyl peptide receptor 2 relates to phenol-soluble modulin release and virulence. FASEB J. 2011, 25 (4): 1254-1263. 10.1096/fj.10-175208.PubMedCentralPubMed

68.

Cheung GY, Kretschmer D, Duong AC, Yeh AJ, Ho TV, Chen Y, Joo HS, Kreiswirth BN, Peschel A, Otto M: Production of an attenuated phenol-soluble modulin variant unique to the MRSA clonal complex 30 increases severity of bloodstream infection. PLoS Pathog. 2014, 10 (8): e1004298-10.1371/journal.ppat.1004298.PubMedCentralPubMed

69.

Nishifuji K, Sugai M, Amagai M: Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: "molecular scissors" of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals. J Dermatol Sci. 2008, 49 (1): 21-31. 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007.PubMed

70.

Sheehan BJ, Foster TJ, Dorman CJ, Park S, Stewart GS: Osmotic and growth-phase dependent regulation of the eta gene of Staphylococcus aureus: a role for DNA supercoiling. Mol Gen Genet. 1992, 232 (1): 49-57. 10.1007/BF00299136.PubMed

71.

Bukowski M, Wladyka B, Dubin G: Exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Toxins (Basel). 2010, 2 (5): 1148-1165. 10.3390/toxins2051148.

72.

Xu SX, McCormick JK: Staphylococcal superantigens in colonization and disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012, 2: 52-10.3389/fcimb.2012.00052.PubMedCentralPubMed

73.

Salgado-Pabon W, Case-Cook LC, Schlievert PM: Molecular analysis of staphylococcal superantigens. Methods Mol Biol. 2014, 1085: 169-185. 10.1007/978-1-62703-664-1_10.PubMed

74.

Holtfreter S, Broker BM: Staphylococcal superantigens: do they play a role in sepsis?. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2005, 53 (1): 13-27.

75.

Langley R, Patel D, Jackson N, Clow F, Fraser JD: Staphylococcal superantigen super-domains in immune evasion. Crit Rev Immunol. 2010, 30 (2): 149-165. 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v30.i2.40.PubMed

76.

Bhardwaj N, Young JW, Nisanian AJ, Baggers J, Steinman RM: Small amounts of superantigen, when presented on dendritic cells, are sufficient to initiate T cell responses. J Exp Med. 1993, 178 (2): 633-642. 10.1084/jem.178.2.633.PubMed

77.

Bhardwaj N, Friedman SM, Cole BC, Nisanian AJ: Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells for microbial superantigens. J Exp Med. 1992, 175 (1): 267-273. 10.1084/jem.175.1.267.PubMed

78.

Karp DR, Long EO: Identification of HLA-DR1 beta chain residues critical for binding staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E. J Exp Med. 1992, 175 (2): 415-424. 10.1084/jem.175.2.415.PubMed

79.

Mollick JA, Chintagumpala M, Cook RG, Rich RR: Staphylococcal exotoxin activation of T cells. Role of exotoxin-MHC class II binding affinity and class II isotype. J Immunol. 1991, 146 (2): 463-468.PubMed

80.

Mollick JA, Cook RG, Rich RR: Class II MHC molecules are specific receptors for staphylococcus enterotoxin A. Science. 1989, 244 (4906): 817-820. 10.1126/science.2658055.PubMed

81.

Heufler C, Koch F, Stanzl U, Topar G, Wysocka M, Trinchieri G, Enk A, Steinman RM, Romani N, Schuler G: Interleukin-12 is produced by dendritic cells and mediates T helper 1 development as well as interferon-gamma production by T helper 1 cells. Eur J Immunol. 1996, 26 (3): 659-668. 10.1002/eji.1830260323.PubMed

82.

Mitsui H, Watanabe T, Saeki H, Mori K, Fujita H, Tada Y, Asahina A, Nakamura K, Tamaki K: Differential expression and function of Toll-like receptors in Langerhans cells: comparison with splenic dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2004, 122 (1): 95-102. 10.1046/j.0022-202X.2003.22116.x.PubMed

83.

Coutant KD, de Fraissinette AB, Cordier A, Ulrich P: Modulation of the activity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by chemical haptens, a metal allergen, and a staphylococcal superantigen. Toxicol Sci. 1999, 52 (2): 189-198. 10.1093/toxsci/52.2.189.PubMed

84.

Schindler D, Gutierrez MG, Beineke A, Rauter Y, Rohde M, Foster S, Goldmann O, Medina E: Dendritic cells are central coordinators of the host immune response to Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection. Am J Pathol. 2012, 181 (4): 1327-1337. 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.039.PubMed

85.

Frodermann V, Chau TA, Sayedyahossein S, Toth JM, Heinrichs DE, Madrenas J: A modulatory interleukin-10 response to staphylococcal peptidoglycan prevents Th1/Th17 adaptive immunity to Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis. 2011, 204 (2): 253-262. 10.1093/infdis/jir276.PubMed

86.

Salvi V, Scutera S, Rossi S, Zucca M, Alessandria M, Greco D, Bosisio D, Sozzani S, Musso T: Dual regulation of osteopontin production by TLR stimulation in dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2013, 94 (1): 147-158. 10.1189/jlb.0412194.PubMed

87.

Schmaler M, Jann NJ, Ferracin F, Landmann R: T and B cells are not required for clearing Staphylococcus aureus in systemic infection despite a strong TLR2-MyD88-dependent T cell activation. J Immunol. 2011, 186 (1): 443-452. 10.4049/jimmunol.1001407.PubMed

88.

Voorhees T, Chang J, Yao Y, Kaplan MH, Chang CH, Travers JB: Dendritic cells produce inflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial products from Staphylococcus aureus-infected atopic dermatitis lesions. Cell Immunol. 2011, 267 (1): 17-22. 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.10.010.PubMedCentralPubMed

89.

Michelsen KS, Aicher A, Mohaupt M, Hartung T, Dimmeler S, Kirschning CJ, Schumann RR: The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in bacteria-induced maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCS). Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid are inducers of DC maturation and require TLR2. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276 (28): 25680-25686. 10.1074/jbc.M011615200.PubMed

90.

Kim HJ, Yang JS, Woo SS, Kim SK, Yun CH, Kim KK, Han SH: Lipoteichoic acid and muramyl dipeptide synergistically induce maturation of human dendritic cells and concurrent expression of proinflammatory cytokines. J Leukoc Biol. 2007, 81 (4): 983-989. 10.1189/jlb.0906588.PubMed

91.

Jin JO, Zhang W, Du JY, Yu Q: BDCA1-Positive Dendritic Cells (DCs) Represent a Unique Human Myeloid DC Subset That Induces Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Infect Immun. 2014, 82 (11): 4466-4476. 10.1128/IAI.01851-14.PubMedCentralPubMed

92.

Parcina M, Wendt C, Goetz F, Zawatzky R, Zahringer U, Heeg K, Bekeredjian-Ding I: Staphylococcus aureus-induced plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation is based on an IgG-mediated memory response. J Immunol. 2008, 181 (6): 3823-3833. 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3823.PubMed

93.

Michea P, Vargas P, Donnadieu MH, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR, Dumenil G, Soumelis V: Epithelial control of the human pDC response to extracellular bacteria. Eur J Immunol. 2013, 43 (5): 1264-1273. 10.1002/eji.201242990.PubMed

94.

Piccioli D, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, Nuti S, Frigimelica E, Manetti AG, Nuccitelli A, Aprea S, Valentini S, Borgogni E, Wack A, Valiante NM: Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are unresponsive to bacterial stimulation and require a novel type of cooperation with myeloid dendritic cells for maturation. Blood 2009, 113(18):4232-4239.PubMed

95.

Poth JM, Coch C, Busch N, Boehm O, Schlee M, Janke M, Zillinger T, Schildgen O, Barchet W, Hartmann G: Monocyte-mediated inhibition of TLR9-dependent IFN-alpha induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells questions bacterial DNA as the active ingredient of bacterial lysates. J Immunol. 2010, 185 (12): 7367-7373. 10.4049/jimmunol.1001798.PubMed

96.

Pickard S, Shankar G, Burnham K: Langerhans' cell depletion by staphylococcal superantigens. Immunology. 1994, 83 (4): 568-572.PubMedCentralPubMed

97.

Muraille E, De Smedt T, Andris F, Pajak B, Armant M, Urbain J, Moser M, Leo O: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces an early and transient state of immunosuppression characterized by V beta-unrestricted T cell unresponsiveness and defective antigen-presenting cell functions. J Immunol. 1997, 158 (6): 2638-2647.PubMed

98.

Liu T, He SH, Zheng PY, Zhang TY, Wang BQ, Yang PC: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B increases TIM4 expression in human dendritic cells that drives naive CD4 T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells. Mol Immunol. 2007, 44 (14): 3580-3587. 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.03.004.PubMed

99.

Schreiner J, Kretschmer D, Klenk J, Otto M, Buhring HJ, Stevanovic S, Wang JM, Beer-Hammer S, Peschel A, Autenrieth SE: Staphylococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulin peptides modulate dendritic cell functions and increase in vitro priming of regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 2013, 190 (7): 3417-3426. 10.4049/jimmunol.1202563.PubMedCentralPubMed

100.

Feunou P, Vanwetswinkel S, Gaudray F, Goldman M, Matthys P, Braun MY: Foxp3 + CD25+ T regulatory cells stimulate IFN-gamma-independent CD152-mediated activation of tryptophan catabolism that provides dendritic cells with immune regulatory activity in mice unresponsive to staphylococcal enterotoxin B. J Immunol. 2007, 179 (2): 910-917. 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.910.PubMed

101.

Alonzo F, Kozhaya L, Rawlings SA, Reyes-Robles T, DuMont AL, Myszka DG, Landau NR, Unutmaz D, Torres VJ: CCR5 is a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED. Nature. 2013, 493 (7430): 51-55. 10.1038/nature11724.PubMed

102.

Parker D, Prince A: Staphylococcus aureus induces type I IFN signaling in dendritic cells via TLR9. J Immunol. 2012, 189 (8): 4040-4046. 10.4049/jimmunol.1201055.PubMedCentralPubMed

103.

Gomez MI, Lee A, Reddy B, Muir A, Soong G, Pitt A, Cheung A, Prince A: Staphylococcus aureus protein A induces airway epithelial inflammatory responses by activating TNFR1. Nat Med. 2004, 10 (8): 842-848. 10.1038/nm1079.PubMed

104.

Parcina M, Miranda-Garcia MA, Durlanik S, Ziegler S, Over B, Georg P, Foermer S, Ammann S, Hilmi D, Weber KJ, Schiller M, Heeg K, Schneider-Brachert W, Götz F, Bekeredjian-Ding I: Pathogen-triggered activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells induces IL-10-producing B cells in response to Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol 2013, 190(4):1591-1602.PubMed

Title: Dendritic cells during Staphylococcus aureus infection: subsets and roles
Authors: Xuejie Wu
Feng Xu
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1479-5876
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0358-z

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Exogenous IFN-beta regulates the RANKL-c-Fos-IFN-beta signaling pathway in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis model

Is serum Interleukin-17 associated with early atherosclerosis in obese patients?

Advancing stem cell therapy from bench to bedside: lessons from drug therapies

Beneficial effects of the olive oil phenolic components oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol: focus on protection against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

miR-200c Inhibits invasion, migration and proliferation of bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of BMI-1 and E2F3

Associations between breakfast eating habits and health-promoting lifestyle, suboptimal health status in Southern China: a population based, cross sectional study

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

At a glance: The STEP trials