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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Review

Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy

Authors: Yingying Wang, Ying Xiang, Victoria W. Xin, Xian-Wang Wang, Xiao-Chun Peng, Xiao-Qin Liu, Dong Wang, Na Li, Jun-Ting Cheng, Yan-Ning Lyv, Shu-Zhong Cui, Zhaowu Ma, Qing Zhang, Hong-Wu Xin

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovered to participate in antigen presentation. T cell microvillar dynamics and TCR conformational changes were demonstrated upon DC antigen presentation. Caspase-11-driven hyperactive DCs were recently reported to convert effectors into memory T cells. DCs were also reported to crosstalk with NK cells. Additionally, DCs are the most important sentinel cells for immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. Alongside DC biology, we review the latest developments for DC-based tumor immunotherapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Personalized DC vaccine-induced T cell immunity, which targets tumor-specific antigens, has been demonstrated to be a promising form of tumor immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Importantly, allogeneic-IgG-loaded and HLA-restricted neoantigen DC vaccines were discovered to have robust anti-tumor effects in mice. Our comprehensive review of DC biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy aids in the understanding of DCs as the mentors of T cells and as novel tumor immunotherapy cells with immense potential.
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Metadata
Title
Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy
Authors
Yingying Wang
Ying Xiang
Victoria W. Xin
Xian-Wang Wang
Xiao-Chun Peng
Xiao-Qin Liu
Dong Wang
Na Li
Jun-Ting Cheng
Yan-Ning Lyv
Shu-Zhong Cui
Zhaowu Ma
Qing Zhang
Hong-Wu Xin
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00939-6

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