Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth

Authors: Anna V. Wilkinson, Laura M. Koehly, Elizabeth A. Vandewater, Robert K. Yu, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Alexander V. Prokhorov, Harold W. Kohl, Margaret R. Spitz, Sanjay Shete

Published in: BMC Medical Genetics | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

Despite well-established negative health consequences of smokeless tobacco use (STU), the number and variety of alternative non-combustible tobacco products on the market have increased tremendously over the last 10 years, as has the market share of these products relative to cigarettes. While STU among non-Hispanic white youth has decreased over the last 10 years, the prevalence has remained constant among Hispanic youth. Here we examine demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with STU among Mexican heritage youth.

Methods

Participants (50.5 % girls) reported on psychosocial risk factors in 2008–09 (n = 1,087, mean age = 14.3 years), and smokeless tobacco use in 2010–11 (mean age = 16.7 years). Participants provided a saliva sample that was genotyped for genes in the dopamine, serotonin and opioid pathways.

Results

Overall 62 (5.7 %) participants reported lifetime STU. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms that increased the risk for lifetime use. Specifically, rs2023902 on SERGEF (OR = 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.05-3.53), rs16941667 on ALDH2 (OR = 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.65-5.94), and rs17721739 on TPH1 (OR = 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.00-2.91) in the dopamine pathway, rs514912 on TRH-DE (OR = 1.84; 95 % CI: 1.25-2.71) in the serotonin pathway, and rs42451417 on the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (OR = 3.53; 95 % CI: 1.56-7.97). After controlling for genetic risk, being male (OR = 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.02-3.41), obesity status (OR = 2.22; 95 % CI: 1.21-4.09), and both higher levels of anxiety (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08) and social disinhibition (OR = 1.26; 95 % CI: 1.07-1.48) were associated with increased use. High subjective social status (OR = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.64-0.93) was protective against use, while higher parental education (OR = 2.01; 95 % CI: 1.03-3.93) was associated with increased use.

Conclusions

These data suggest that use of genetic risk, along with psychosocial, demographic, and behavioral risk factors may increase our ability to identify youth at increased risk for STU, which in turn may improve our ability to effectively target prevention messages to Mexican heritage youth.

Gao J, Panizza B, Johnson NW, Coman S, Clough AR. Basic considerations of research strategies for head and neck cancer. Front Med. 2012;6:339–53.CrossRefPubMed

Hossain MM, Rahman ME, Khan TH. Maternal smokeless tobacco use and adverse pregnancy outcome. Mymensingh Med J. 2014;23:46–51.PubMed

Ratsch A, Bogossian F. Smokeless tobacco use in pregnancy: an integrative review of the literature. Int J Public Health. 2014;59:599–608.CrossRefPubMed

Delnevo CD, Wackowski OA, Giovenco DP, Manderski MTB, Hrywna M, Ling PM. Examining market trends in the United States smokeless tobacco use: 2005–2011. Tob Control. 2014;23:107–12.CrossRefPubMed

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Trends in the prevalence of tobacco use national YRBS: 1991–2011. [http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/trends/us_tobacco_trend_yrbs.pdf]

Fix BV, O’Connor RJ, Vogl L, Smith D, Bansal-Travers M, Conway KP, et al. Patterns and correlates of poly-tobacco use in the United States over a decade: NSDUH 2002–2011. Addict Behav. 2014;39:768–81.CrossRefPubMed

Okeke NL, Forman MR, Spitz MR, Wilkinson AV. The associations of body image, anxiety, and smoking among Mexican origin youth. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53:209–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wilkinson AV, Okeke N, Springer AE, Stigler MH, Gabriel KP, Prokhorov AV, et al. Experimenting with cigarettes and physical activity among Mexican origin youth and the interdependent associations among sensation seeking, acculturation, and gender. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:332.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wilkinson AV, Shete S, Vasudevan V, Prokhorov AV, Bondy LM, Spitz MR. Subjective social status, outcome expectations and experimenting with cigarettes. J Adolesc Health. 2009;44:342–8.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Wilkinson AV, Spitz MR, Strom SS, Prokhorov AV, Barcenas CH, Cao Y, et al. Effects of nativity, age at migration, and acculturation on smoking among adult Houston residents of Mexican descent. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:1043–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Wilkinson AV, Spelman AR, Prokhorov AV, Bondy ML, Spitz MR. Susceptibility to smoking in Mexican origin youth in Houston, Texas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:362.

12.

Harwood GA, Salsberry P, Ferketich AK, Wewers ME. Cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors: examining a conceptual framework. Public Health Nurs. 2007;24:361–71.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Mucha L, Stephenson J, Morandi N, Dirani R. Meta-analysis of disease risk associated with smoking, by gender and intensity of smoking. Gend Med. 2006;3:279–91.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Silva MA, Rivera IR, Carvalho AC, Guerra Ade Jr H, Moreira TC. The prevalence of and variables associated with smoking in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82:365–70.

15.

Fryar CD, Gu Q, Ogden CL. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States, 2007–2010. Vital Health Stat. 2012;11:1–48.

16.

Spielberger CD. Assessment of state and trait anxiety: conceptual and methodological issues. Southern Psychologist. 1985;2:6–16.

17.

Spielberger CD. Development of the Spanish edition of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Interam J Psychol. 1971;5:145–58.

18.

Novy DM, Nelson DV, Smith KG, Rogers PA, Rowzee RD. Psychometric comparability of the English-and Spanish-language versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Hispanic J Behav Sci. 1995;17:209–24.CrossRef

19.

Russo MF, Stokes GS, Lahey BB, Christ MAG, McBurnett K, Loeber R, et al. A sensation seeking scale for children: further refinement and psychometric development. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 1993;15:69–86.CrossRef

20.

Goodman E, Adler NE, Kawachi I, Frazier AL, Huang B, Colditz GA. Adolescents' perceptions of social status: development and evaluation of a new indicator. Pediatrics. 2001;108:e31.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Kreek MJ, Nielsen DA, LaForge KS. Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. Neuromolecular Med. 2004;5:85–108.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Wilkinson AV, Bondy ML, Etzel CJ, Wang J, Dong Q, D’Amelio A, et al. Cigarette experimentation in Mexican origin youth: psychosocial and genetic determinants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21:228–38.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Schochet PZ. Technical Methods Report: Guidelines for Multiple Testing in Impact Evaluations (NCEE 2008–4018). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education; 2008.

24.

Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly PJ. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics. 2000;155:945–59.PubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Purcell S, Sham PC. Properties of structured association approaches to detecting population stratification. Hum Hered. 2004;58:93–107.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Price AL, Patterson NJ, Plenge RM, Weinblatt ME, Shadick NA, Reich D. Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet. 2006;38:904–9.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, et al. PLINK: a toolset for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81:559–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Welte JW, Barnes GM, Tidwell MO, Hoffman JH. Tobacco use, heavy use, and dependence among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Subst Use Misuse. 2011;46:1090–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Lopez LC, Hamlin PA. Use of smokeless tobacco by Mexican-American high school students. Psychol Rep. 1995;77:808–10.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Vander Weg MW, Klesges RC, DeBon M. Relationship between smokeless tobacco use and body weight in young adult military recruits. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005;7:301–5.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Boles SM, Johnson PB. Gender, weight concerns, and adolescent smoking. J Addict Dis. 2001;20:5–14.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Cavallo DA, Duhig AM, McKee S, Krishnan-Sarin S. Gender and weight concerns in adolescent smokers. Addict Behav. 2006;31:2140–6.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Richardson A, He J, Curry L, Merikangas K. Cigarette smoking and mood disorders in U.S. adolescents: sex-specific associations with symptoms, diagnoses, impairment and health services use. J Psychosom Res. 2012;72:269–75.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Mojtabai R, Crum RM. Cigarette smoking and onset of mood and anxiety disorders. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:1656–65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Foreyt JP, Jackson AS, Squires WG Jr, Hartung GH, Murray TD, Gotto AM Jr. Psychological profile of college students who use smokeless tobacco. Addict Behav. 1993;18:107–16.

36.

Goodwin RD, Zvolensky MJ, Keyes KM. Nicotine dependence and mental disorders among adults in the USA: evaluating the role of the mode of administration. Psychol Med. 1993;18:107–16.

37.

Botvin GJ, Baker E, Tortu S, Dusenbury L, Gessula J. Smokeless tobacco use among adolescents: correlates and concurrent predictors. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2008;38:1277–86.

38.

Finkelstein DM, Kubzansky LD, Goodman E. Social status, stress, and adolescent smoking. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39:678–85.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Finch KA, Ramo DE, Delucchi KL, Liu H, Prochaska JJ. Subjective social status and substance use severity in a young adult sample. Psychol Addict Behav. 2013;27:901–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Wolfson M, Pockey JR, Reboussin BA, Sutfin EL, Egan KL, Wagoner KG, et al. Five-year college students’ interest in trying dissolvable tobacco products. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;134:309–13.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Canli T, Lesch KP. Long story short: the serotonin transporter in emotion regulation and social cognition. Nat Neurosci. 2007;10:1103–9.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Wray NR, James MR, Gordon SD, Dumenil T, Ryan L, Coventry WL, et al. Accurate, large-scale genotyping of 5HTTLPR and flanking single nucleotide polymorphisms in an association study of depression, anxiety, and personality measures. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66:468–76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Myung W, Song J, Lim SW, Kim S, Lee Y, Kang HS, et al. Genetic association study of individual symptoms in depression. Psychiatry Res. 2012;98:400–6.CrossRef

44.

Antypa N, Serretti A, Rujescu D. Serotonergic genes and suicide: a systematic review. Eur Nueropsychopharmacol. 2013;23:1125–42.CrossRef

45.

Reuter M, Hennig J, Amelang M, Montag C, Korkut T, Hueweler A, et al. The role of the TPH1 and PH2 genes for nicotine dependence: a genetic association study in two different age cohorts. Neuropsychobiology. 2007;56:47–54.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Lee S, Hahn C, Lee J, Huang S, Chen S, Kuo P, et al. MAOA interacts with the ALDH2 gene in anxiety – depression alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010;34:1212–8.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Duell EJ, Sala N, Travier N, Munoz X, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, et al. Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH7) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Carcinogenesis. 2011;33:361–7.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Schomburg L, Turwitt S, Prescher G, Lohmann D, Horsthemke B, Bauer K. Human TRH-degrading ectoenzyme. Eur J Biochem. 1999;265:415–22.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Gutierrez-Mariscal M, de Gortari P, Lopez-Rubalcava C, Martinez A, Joseph-Bravo P. Analysis of the anxiolytic-like effect of TRH and the response of amygdalar TRHergic neurons in anxiety. Psychonueroendocrinology. 2008;33:198–213.CrossRef

50.

Uhlmann J, Wiemann S, Ponstingl H. DelGEF, an RCC1-related protein encoded by a gene on chromosome 11p14 critical for two forms of hereditary deafness. FEBS Lett. 1999;460:153–60.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Pasquini M, Garavini A, Biondi M. Nicotine augmentation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A case report. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005;29:157–9.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Lundberg S, Carlsson A, Norfeldt P, Carlsson ML. Nicotine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004;28:1195–9.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Murray DM, O’Connell CM, Schmid LA, et al. The Validity of Smoking Self-reports by Adolescents: A Reexamination of the Bogus Pipeline Effect. Addictive Behaviors. 1987;12:7–15.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth
Authors: Anna V. Wilkinson
Laura M. Koehly
Elizabeth A. Vandewater
Robert K. Yu
Susan P. Fisher-Hoch
Alexander V. Prokhorov
Harold W. Kohl
Margaret R. Spitz
Sanjay Shete
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Medical Genetics / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2350
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12881-015-0188-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Targeted Next Generation Sequencing reveals previously unidentified TSC1 and TSC2 mutations

Common variants in LEPR, IL6, AMD1, and NAMPT do not associate with risk of juvenile and childhood obesity in Danes: a case–control study

Establishing disease causality for a novel gene variant in familial dilated cardiomyopathy using a functional in-vitro assay of regulated thin filaments and human cardiac myosin

Molecular genetic analysis of PKHD1 by next-generation sequencing in Czech families with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Next-generation-based targeted sequencing as an efficient tool for the study of the genetic background in Hirschsprung patients

Development and validation of a high throughput, closed tube method for the determination of haemoglobin alpha gene (HBA1 and HBA2) numbers by gene ratio assay copy enumeration-PCR (GRACE-PCR)