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Molecular Cancer
Published in: Molecular Cancer 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Dclk1, a tumor stem cell marker, regulates pro-survival signaling and self-renewal of intestinal tumor cells

Authors: Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Jiannan Yao, Dongfeng Qu, Randal May, Nathaniel Weygant, Yang Ge, Naushad Ali, Sripathi M. Sureban, Modhi Gude, Kenneth Vega, Eddie Bannerman-Menson, Lijun Xia, Michael Bronze, Guangyu An, Courtney W. Houchen

Published in: Molecular Cancer | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

More than 80% of intestinal neoplasia is associated with the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), a kinase protein, is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and specifically marks tumor stem cells (TSCs) that self-renew and increased the tumor progeny in Apc Min/+ mice. However, the role of Dclk1 expression and its contribution to regulating pro-survival signaling for tumor progression in Apc mutant cancer is poorly understood.

Methods

We analyzed DCLK1 and pro-survival signaling gene expression datasets of 329 specimens from TCGA Colon Adenocarcinoma Cancer Data. The network of DCLK1 and pro-survival signaling was analyzed utilizing the GeneMANIA database. We examined the expression levels of Dclk1 and other stem cell-associated markers, pro-survival signaling pathways, cell self-renewal in the isolated intestinal epithelial cells of Apc Min/+ mice with high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. To determine the functional role of Dclk1 for tumor progression, we knocked down Dclk1 and determined the pro-survival signaling pathways and stemness. We used siRNA technology to gene silence pro-survival signaling in colon cancer cells in vitro. We utilized FACS, IHC, western blot, RT-PCR, and clonogenic (self-renewal) assays.

Results

We found a correlation between DCLK1 and pro-survival signaling expression. The expression of Dclk1 and stem cell-associated markers Lgr5, Bmi1, and Musashi1 were significantly higher in the intestinal epithelial cells of Apc Min/+ mice than in wild-type controls. Intestinal epithelial cells of Apc Min/+ mice showed increased expression of pro-survival signaling, pluripotency and self-renewal ability. Furthermore, the enteroids formed from the intestinal Dclk1+ cells of Apc Min/+ mice display higher pluripotency and pro-survival signaling. Dclk1 knockdown in Apc Min/+ mice attenuates intestinal adenomas and adenocarcinoma, and decreases pro-survival signaling and self-renewal. Knocking down RELA and NOTCH1 pro-survival signaling and DCLK1 in HT29 and DLD1 colon cancer cells in vitro reduced the tumor cells’ ability to self-renew and survive.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that Dclk1 is essential in advancing intestinal tumorigenesis. Knocking down Dclk1 decreases tumor stemness and progression and is thus predicted to regulate pro-survival signaling and tumor cell pluripotency. This study provides a strong rationale to target Dclk1 as a treatment strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Metadata
Title
Dclk1, a tumor stem cell marker, regulates pro-survival signaling and self-renewal of intestinal tumor cells
Authors
Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
Jiannan Yao
Dongfeng Qu
Randal May
Nathaniel Weygant
Yang Ge
Naushad Ali
Sripathi M. Sureban
Modhi Gude
Kenneth Vega
Eddie Bannerman-Menson
Lijun Xia
Michael Bronze
Guangyu An
Courtney W. Houchen
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Cancer / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1476-4598
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-017-0594-y

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