Top

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Published in:

01-05-2004 | Original Article

Database of normal human cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen measured by positron emission tomography with ¹⁵O-labelled carbon dioxide or water, carbon monoxide and oxygen: a multicentre study in Japan

Authors: Hiroshi Ito, Iwao Kanno, Chietsugu Kato, Toshiaki Sasaki, Kenji Ishii, Yasuomi Ouchi, Akihiko Iida, Hidehiko Okazawa, Kohei Hayashida, Naohiro Tsuyuguchi, Kazunari Ishii, Yasuo Kuwabara, Michio Senda

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 5/2004

Abstract

Measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂) by positron emission tomography (PET) with oxygen-15 labelled carbon dioxide (C¹⁵O₂) or ¹⁵O-labelled water (H₂ ¹⁵O), ¹⁵O-labelled carbon monoxide (C¹⁵O) and ¹⁵O-labelled oxygen (¹⁵O₂) is useful for diagnosis and treatment planning in cases of cerebrovascular disease. The measured values theoretically depend on various factors, which may differ between PET centres. This study explored the applicability of a database of ¹⁵O-PET by examining between-centre and within-centre variation in values. Eleven PET centres participated in this multicentre study; seven used the steady-state inhalation method, one used build-up inhalation and three used bolus administration of C¹⁵O₂ (or H₂ ¹⁵O) and ¹⁵O₂. All used C¹⁵O for measurement of CBV. Subjects comprised 70 healthy volunteers (43 men and 27 women; mean age 51.8±15.1 years). Overall mean±SD values for cerebral cortical regions were: CBF=44.4±6.5 ml 100 ml⁻¹ min⁻¹; CBV=3.8±0.7 ml 100 ml⁻¹; OEF=0.44±0.06; CMRO₂=3.3±0.5 ml 100 ml⁻¹ min⁻¹. Significant between-centre variation was observed in CBV, OEF and CMRO₂ by one-way analysis of variance. However, the overall inter-individual variation in CBF, CBV, OEF and CMRO₂ was acceptably small. Building a database of normal cerebral haemodynamics obtained by the¹⁵O-PET methods may be practicable.

Gibbs JM, Wise RJ, Leenders KL, Jones T. Evaluation of cerebral perfusion reserve in patients with carotid-artery occlusion. Lancet 1984; 1:310–314.PubMed

Powers WJ, Grubb RL, Raichle ME. Physiological responses to focal cerebral ischemia in humans. Ann Neurol 1984; 16:546–552.PubMed

Powers WJ, Grubb RL, Darriet D, Raichle ME. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen requirements for cerebral function and viability in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985; 5:600–608.PubMed

Leblanc R, Yamamoto YL, Tyler JL, Diksic M, Hakim A. Borderzone ischemia. Ann Neurol 1987; 22:707–713.PubMed

Kanno I, Uemura K, Higano S, Murakami M, Iida H, Miura S, Shishido F, Inugami A, Sayama I. Oxygen extraction fraction at maximally vasodilated tissue in the ischemic brain estimated from the regional CO₂ responsiveness measured by positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988; 8:227–235.PubMed

Sette G, Baron JC, Mazoyer B, Levasseur M, Pappata S, Crouzel C. Local brain haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in cerebrovascular disease. Positron emission tomography. Brain 1989; 112:931–951.PubMed

Yamauchi H, Fukuyama H, Kimura J, Konishi J, Kameyama M. Hemodynamics in internal carotid artery occlusion examined by positron emission tomography. Stroke 1990; 21:1400–1406.PubMed

Derdeyn CP, Grubb RL, Jr., Powers WJ. Cerebral hemodynamic impairment: methods of measurement and association with stroke risk. Neurology 1999; 53:251–259.PubMed

Yamauchi H, Fukuyama H, Nagahama Y, Nabatame H, Nakamura K, Yamamoto Y, Yonekura Y, Konishi J, Kimura J. Evidence of misery perfusion and risk for recurrent stroke in major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases from PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 61:18–25.PubMed

10.

Derdeyn CP, Yundt KD, Videen TO, Carpenter DA, Grubb RL, Powers WJ. Increased oxygen extraction fraction is associated with prior ischemic events in patients with carotid occlusion. Stroke 1998; 29:754–758.PubMed

11.

Grubb RL, Derdeyn CP, Fritsch SM, Carpenter DA, Yundt KD, Videen TO, Spitznagel EL, Powers WJ. Importance of hemodynamic factors in the prognosis of symptomatic carotid occlusion. JAMA 1998; 280:1055–1060.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Yamauchi H, Fukuyama H, Nagahama Y, Nabatame H, Ueno M, Nishizawa S, Konishi J, Shio H. Significance of increased oxygen extraction fraction in five-year prognosis of major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases. J Nucl Med 1999; 40:1992–1998.PubMed

13.

Yokota C, Hasegawa Y, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. Effect of acetazolamide reactivity on long-term outcome in patients with major cerebral artery occlusive diseases. Stroke 1998; 29:640–644.PubMed

14.

Baron JC, Bousser MG, Rey A, Guillard A, Comar D, Castaigne P. Reversal of focal “misery-perfusion syndrome” by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. A case study with¹⁵O positron emission tomography. Stroke 1981; 12:454–459.PubMed

15.

Powers WJ, Martin WR, Herscovitch P, Raichle ME, Grubb RL Jr. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: hemodynamic and metabolic effects. Neurology 1984; 34:1168–1174.PubMed

16.

Samson Y, Baron JC, Bousser MG, Rey A, Derlon JM, David P, Comoy J. Effects of extra-intracranial arterial bypass on cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in humans. Stroke 1985; 16:609–616.PubMed

17.

Kuwabara Y, Ichiya Y, Sasaki M, Yoshida T, Fukumura T, Masuda K, Fujii K, Fukui M. PET evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in occlusive cerebrovascular disease pre- and postsurgery. J Nucl Med 1998; 39:760–765.PubMed

18.

Frackowiak RS, Lenzi GL, Jones T, Heather JD. Quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in man using¹⁵O and positron emission tomography: theory, procedure, and normal values. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1980; 4:727–736.PubMed

19.

Senda M, Buxton RB, Alpert NM, Correia JA, Mackay BC, Weise SB, Ackerman RH. The¹⁵O steady-state method: correction for variation in arterial concentration. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988; 8:681–690.PubMed

20.

Sadato N, Yonekura Y, Senda M, Iwasaki Y, Matoba N, Tamaki N, Sasayama S, Magata Y, Konishi J. PET and the autoradiographic method with continuous inhalation of oxygen-15-gas: theoretical analysis and comparison with conventional steady-state methods. J Nucl Med 1993; 34:1672–1680.PubMed

21.

Kanno I, Lammertsma AA, Heather JD, Gibbs JM, Rhodes CG, Clark JC, Jones T. Measurement of cerebral blood flow using bolus inhalation of C¹⁵O₂ and positron emission tomography: description of the method and its comparison with the C¹⁵O₂ continuous inhalation method. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1984; 4:224–234.

22.

Raichle ME, Martin WR, Herscovitch P, Mintun MA, Markham J. Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H₂ ¹⁵O. II. Implementation and validation. J Nucl Med 1983; 24:790–798.PubMed

23.

Kanno I, Iida H, Miura S, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Sasaki H, Inugami A, Shishido F, Uemura K. A system for cerebral blood flow measurement using an H₂ ¹⁵O autoradiographic method and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1987; 7:143–153.PubMed

24.

Mintun MA, Raichle ME, Martin WR, Herscovitch P. Brain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 1984; 25:177–187.PubMed

25.

Herscovitch P, Mintun MA, Raichle ME. Brain oxygen utilization measured with oxygen-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography: generation of metabolic images. J Nucl Med 1985; 26:416–417.PubMed

26.

Martin WR, Powers WJ, Raichle ME. Cerebral blood volume measured with inhaled C¹⁵O and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1987; 7:421–426.PubMed

27.

Lammertsma AA, Jones T. Correction for the presence of intravascular oxygen-15 in the steady-state technique for measuring regional oxygen extraction ratio in the brain: 1. Description of the method. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1983; 3:416–424.PubMed

28.

Iida H, Kanno I, Miura S, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Uemura K. Error analysis of a quantitative cerebral blood flow measurement using H₂ ¹⁵O autoradiography and positron emission tomography, with respect to the dispersion of the input function. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1986; 6:536–545.PubMed

29.

Iida H, Higano S, Tomura N, Shishido F, Kanno I, Miura S, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Sasaki H, Uemura K. Evaluation of regional differences of tracer appearance time in cerebral tissues using [¹⁵O] water and dynamic positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988; 8:285–288.PubMed

30.

Iida H, Jones T, Miura S. Modeling approach to eliminate the need to separate arterial plasma in oxygen-15 inhalation positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 1993; 34:1333–1340.PubMed

31.

Lammertsma AA, Jones T, Frackowiak RS, Lenzi GL. A theoretical study of the steady-state model for measuring regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation using oxygen-15. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1981; 5:544–550.PubMed

32.

Ito H, Kanno I, Iida H, Hatazawa J, Shimosegawa E, Tamura H, Okudera T. Arterial fraction of cerebral blood volume in humans measured by positron emission tomography. Ann Nucl Med 2001; 15:111–116.PubMed

33.

Iida H, Kanno I, Miura S, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Uemura K. A determination of the regional brain/blood partition coefficient of water using dynamic positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9:874–885.PubMed

34.

Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Inugami A, Fujita H, Ogawa T, Aizawa Y, Kanno I, Okudera T, Uemura K. Cerebral infarction within six hours of onset: prediction of completed infarction with technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT. J Nucl Med 1994; 35:1097–1103.PubMed

35.

Wienhard K, Dahlbom M, Eriksson L, Michel C, Bruckbauer T, Pietrzyk U, Heiss WD. The ECAT EXACT HR: performance of a new high resolution positron scanner. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994; 18:110–118.PubMed

36.

Iida H, Miura S, Kanno I, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Uemura K, Hirose Y, Amano M, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Design and evaluation of HEADTOME-IV, a whole-body positron emission tomograph. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 1989; 36:1006–1010.CrossRef

37.

Iida H, Miura S, Kanno I, Ogawa T, Uemura K. A new PET camera for noninvasive quantitation of physiological functional parametric images: Headtome-V-dual. In: Myers R, Cunningham V, Bailey D, Jones T, eds. Quantification of brain function using PET. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996:57–61.

38.

Yamashita T, Uchida H, Okada H, Kurono T, Takemori T, Watanabe M, Shimizu K, Yoshikawa E, Ohmura T, Satoh N, Tanaka E. Development of a high resolution PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 1990; 37:594–599.CrossRef

39.

DeGrado TR, Turkington TG, Williams JJ, Stearns CW, Hoffman JM, Coleman RE. Performance characteristics of a whole-body PET scanner. J Nucl Med 1994; 35:1398–1406.PubMed

Title: Database of normal human cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen measured by positron emission tomography with 15O-labelled carbon dioxide or water, carbon monoxide and oxygen: a multicentre study in Japan
Authors: Hiroshi Ito
Iwao Kanno
Chietsugu Kato
Toshiaki Sasaki
Kenji Ishii
Yasuomi Ouchi
Akihiko Iida
Hidehiko Okazawa
Kohei Hayashida
Naohiro Tsuyuguchi
Kazunari Ishii
Yasuo Kuwabara
Michio Senda
Publication date: 01-05-2004
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 5/2004
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-003-1430-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Database of normal human cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen measured by positron emission tomography with ¹⁵O-labelled carbon dioxide or water, carbon monoxide and oxygen: a multicentre study in Japan

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2004

Risk of second primary cancer following differentiated thyroid cancer

A novel triple-modality reporter gene for whole-body fluorescent, bioluminescent, and nuclear noninvasive imaging

Is 11C-choline the most appropriate tracer for prostate cancer?

May 2004

Comparison of peritoneal equilibration test with 99mTc-DTPA excretion in the assessment of peritoneal permeability

Effect of scatter correction on the compartmental measurement of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors using [123I]epidepride SPET