CT and MRI findings in the basal ganglia in non-ketotic hyperglycaemia associated hemichorea and hemi-ballismus (HC–HB)

Excerpt

Hyperglycaemia associated with hemi-chorea (HC) and hemi-ballismus (HC) is a diagnosis that has been described in the medical literature. It was reported as the presenting symptom of new onset diabetes, with type 2 and rarely with type 1 diabetes [1]. However, this condition is relatively under-recognised by clinical radiologists. It can give unilateral hyperdense basal ganglia on computed tomography (CT), and it is part of the differential diagnosis for high T1-weighted (T1W) signal in the basal ganglia. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is a limited differential diagnosis for pathologies presenting with T1W spin echo hyperintensity within the central nervous system in general and the basal ganglia in particular. …